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建筑英语中并列结构的翻译——景观与建筑设计类文本翻译实践报告
添加时间: 2017-8-9 16:10:41 来源: 作者: 点击数:3325

建筑英语中并列结构的翻译

——景观与建筑设计类文本翻译实践报告

 

 

 


摘要

陈晨

本次翻译实践的原文为《滨水景观建筑》《幼儿园建筑》《老年公寓建筑》和《科技文化园建筑》这四本书,由出版社提供。每本书包含约四十处建筑项目,每处建筑项目图片旁有三四百个单词左右的英文设计说明,译者的任务就是对这些英文设计说明进行汉译。本文作者与其他三位同学共同完成了此次翻译任务,译后这四本书将以双语图书(中英对照)的形式出版。

在此次翻译实践基础上,译者撰写了该翻译实践报告。该翻译实践报告由四部分组成:任务描述、过程描述、案例分析和实践总结。任务描述,将对任务背景、任务对象、文本性质、文本体裁和类型进行描述;过程描述,主要是对译员的确定、译前准备、译中执行情况和译后审校这几大部分加以介绍;案例分析部分,译者探讨了并列词语、并列短语和并列分句这三类并列结构的翻译问题及解决方法。对于并列词语的翻译,译者主要采用了直译法和意译法;而并列短语的翻译,译者主要采用了直译法和转译法;最后并列分句的翻译,译者采用了顺译法、拆译法和合译法。在案例分析这部分,译者将从所译文本中选取具体案例,进行剖析和佐证;实践总结,总结翻译方法、翻译经验、翻译教训、翻译启示等。

关键词:建筑英语;并列结构;翻译策略

ABSTRACT

The Translation of Coordinate Structure in Architecture English: A Report on the Translation of the Text of Landscape and Architecture Design

The original text in the translation project was extracted from Waterfront Landscape Architecture, Kindergarten Architecture, Apartments for the Elderly, Science and Cultural Park, all of which were published by Dalian University of Technology Press. Each book contained about 40 architecture design projects. There was 300 to 400 words long English description illustrating the plans of each design project. The translator worked with other three in translating the English illustration into Chinese. The four books would be published with both their English version and Chinese translation rendered ac, cordingly.

The translator presents the report based on the translation project. This paper consists of four parts. In the part of task description, descriptions to task background, task object, text nature and gene and type are presented; in the process description part, the author talks about the translators, preparation before translation, performance in translation and revision after translation; in the case study part, the translator discusses three types of coordination and their methods. For the coordination with conjuncts being words, the translator adopted literal and free translation. For the coordination with conjuncts being phrases, the translator adopted literal translation and adaptation. For the coordination with conjuncts being clauses, linear translation, dividing and integration were applied. In this part, specific examples were drawn for analysis and exemplification. Summarization on the problems encountered, the methods adopted, experiences and lessons drawn, insights gained is also included in the report.

Key Words: English for Architecture Design Texts, Coordinate Structure, Translation Strategy


 

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………....I

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................. II

第一章 任务描述......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 任务背景........................................................................................................ 1

1.2 任务对象........................................................................................................ 1

1.3 文本性质........................................................................................................ 1

1.4 文本体裁和类型............................................................................................ 2

第二章 过程描述......................................................................................................... 3

2.1  译员的确定.................................................................................................. 3

2.2  译前准备...................................................................................................... 3

2.2.1 字典的准备......................................................................................... 3

2.2.2 相关的网站查询................................................................................. 3

2.2.3 参考文献的准备................................................................................. 3

2.2.4 其他翻译辅助工具............................................................................. 4

2.2.5 翻译计划的制定................................................................................. 4

2.3 译中执行情况................................................................................................ 4

2.3.1 制定术语表......................................................................................... 4

2.3.2 翻译的执行情况................................................................................. 4

2.4 译后校审........................................................................................................ 5

2.4.1 审校人员的确定................................................................................. 5

2.4.2 具体的审校方法及执行..................................................................... 5

第三章 案例分析......................................................................................................... 7

3.1 翻译原则........................................................................................................ 7

3.2 并列词语的翻译............................................................................................ 7

3.2.1直译法.................................................................................................. 8

3.2.2意译法.................................................................................................. 9

3.3 并列短语的翻译........................................................................................... 11

3.3.1直译法................................................................................................. 11

3.3.2转译法................................................................................................ 12

3.4 并列分句的翻译.......................................................................................... 14

3.4.1顺译法................................................................................................ 14

3.4.2拆译法................................................................................................ 15

3.4.3合译法................................................................................................ 17

3.5 本章小结...................................................................................................... 19

第四章 实践总结....................................................................................................... 21

4.1 翻译方法、技巧总结.................................................................................. 21

4.2 翻译经验...................................................................................................... 21

4.3 翻译教训...................................................................................................... 22

4.4 翻译启示...................................................................................................... 22

4.5 结语.............................................................................................................. 23

参考文献..................................................................................................................... 24

附录1 原文与译文.................................................................................................... 26

附录2 术语表............................................................................................................ 91

........................................................................................................................... 92


第一章 任务描述

1.1 任务背景

此次翻译任务来自出版社。在撰写本翻译实践报告之前,译者已完成一万字以上的翻译实践,所译材料为《滨水景观建筑》《幼儿园建筑》《老年公寓建筑》《科技文化园建筑》这四本书的设计说明。随着我国经济的发展,建筑业的发展突飞猛进,因此,及时吸收和借鉴优秀的各类建筑作品对建筑业来说意义重大。而建筑方面的图文资料正是传播、吸收、借鉴优秀建筑作品的有效途径之一,译者对这四本建筑类图书的设计说明进行翻译(英译汉),一方面希望能帮助汉语读者更好地欣赏优秀的建筑作品,另一方面也希望对母语为中文的景观设计师、景观建筑师有所启发,使他们及时学习与借鉴国外建筑业的成功案例,从中获得更多的设计灵感,以创作出更加优秀的建筑作品。该翻译任务完成后,待出版社校对、确认无误后方能结稿,结稿后该翻译资料将以双语图书的形式由大连理工大学出版社出版。

1.2 任务对象

此次出版社交给我们的翻译任务是:对《滨水景观建筑》《幼儿园建筑》《老年公寓建筑》《科技文化园建筑》这四本书的设计说明进行翻译(英译汉)。具体来说,该翻译资料为图文结合的形式,即每处建筑景观图片的旁边均有二三百字的英文简介,介绍该处建筑景观的设计理念、思路、方案等,我们的任务就是将这些英文简介译为中文。

1.3 文本性质

译者所译材料——景观与建筑的设计说明,选取了全球近年来优秀的滨水景观、幼儿园建筑、老年公寓、科技文化园等建筑项目,内容上以介绍、说明这些景观建筑项目的基本情况、设计理念、方案、思路等为主。所选建筑项目典型性强,代表建筑领域的新趋向和新动向。

《滨水景观建筑》,叙述了河流景观的景观思路,探讨了河流景色的设计、规划、水工建筑物的景观、城市河流的空间构成及景观设计、河流景观的组织及其管理等问题,包括河流的景观思路、河流景观的设计基础、河流景观的规划程序和实例、水工建筑物的景观、重点地区的景观设计、城市河流的空间构成等;《幼儿园建筑》,展现了全球最具特色的幼儿园建筑项目,这些项目见证了新时期的幼儿园建筑理念及设计上的变化,成为现代幼儿园建筑的最佳典范,通过对这些最新幼儿园建筑项目的介绍,向人们展示了现代幼儿园建筑的设计理念、思路和方案等;《老年公寓建筑》,展示了养老院与老年公寓建筑设计,介绍了若干命题广泛,有助激发、拓展有关高龄人口居住设施设计的优秀项目,从老年居住建筑的概念、设计要点到老年用品、设备产品,从内外部空间到空间构成要素,都作了详细的介绍和论述,同时还介绍了不同类型的养老机构是如何设计、运作的,使读者看到不同地域的建筑和人文风情;《科技文化园建筑》,取材范围广泛,精选的案例汇聚了众多国内外大师的精品力作,代表了科技园、文化园的最高水准,案例均来自国内外众多著名城市的科技园和文化园项目。

所以,从文本性质来看,这部即将出版的双语图书既是一部适合普通大众日常消遣、满足读者在建筑领域兴趣的“床头读物”,同时也是一部供母语为中文的景观设计师、景观建筑师参考的建筑领域专业作品。

1.4 文本体裁和类型

《滨水景观建筑》《幼儿园建筑》《老年公寓建筑》《科技文化园建筑》这四本书选取了全球近年来优秀的滨水景观、幼儿园建筑、老年公寓、科技文化园等建筑项目,内容上以介绍、说明这些景观建筑项目的基本情况、设计理念、方案等为主,所以从体裁上来看,该翻译文本当属说明文,说明文重要的特点之一就是语言多为说明、描述性语言。其次,由于所译材料为景观与建筑项目的设计说明,所以从文本类型来看,该文本当属建筑类文本。建筑英语具有显著的语体特征,译者所译文本亦是如此,如语言客观严谨、词汇准确正式、语态贴切客观、句子完备清晰等。


第二章 过程描述

2.1  译员的确定

由于此次翻译实践的翻译任务是由导师联系并分配,所以该翻译任务由导师所带的四名同学共同努力和协调合作,共同完成。这四名成员是:。此外,在导师的安排下,该四名同学被分为两个小组,即为一个小组,为一个小组。由于本次全部的翻译任务出版社是以分批次下发的形式发放给我们,因此将四名同学划分为两个小组的目的就是:便于每完成一次翻译任务后各小组内部两名同学首先对翻译中的难点和遗留问题进行讨论,以及对译文进行首次互改、互校。

2.2  译前准备

译前的准备工作主要包括字典、网络资源、参考文献、其他翻译辅助工具这几项翻译工具的准备。

2.2.1 字典的准备

对解决翻译过程中单词理解、释义方面的问题,在纸质字典上,译者主要准备了《陆谷孙英汉大词典》《牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第6版)》《朗文当代高级英语词典(英英·英汉双解)(第4版)》《外研社最新简明英汉词典》《21世纪大英汉词典》《企鹅建筑学词典:英文》《精选英汉汉英建筑设备专业词汇》,以备翻译中参考所用。而对于网络在线字典,译者主要参考了有道、灵格斯翻译家、WordWebMerriam-Webster Dictionary这几种在线字典。

2.2.2 相关的网站查询

此外,由于所译材料——景观与建筑的设计说明,属建筑学范畴,专业性较强,因此在翻译之前和过程中,译者需参考一些较为专业的有关建筑设计方面的网站,以便进一步了解建筑领域的知识、掌握地道的建筑用语和表达方式,这样才能使译文更加准确、地道。译者所参考的有关建筑设计的网站有“里外建筑中国网 http://arch.liwai.com/”“21世纪建筑设计网 http://www.21cad.cn/”和“埃克思建筑设计网 http://www.xarchi.com/”;同时,在翻译中有时为了直观地了解英语原文中某一事物的外观形象,译者查询了“百度图片http://image.baidu.com/”“谷歌图片http://www.google.com.hk/”等网站;翻译中有时需了解建筑领域某一方面的知识,对于建筑领域的了解和查询,译者主要在WikipediaGoogle上进行了搜索和查阅。

2.2.3 参考文献的准备

对于翻译实践过程中所遇到的具体问题,译者主要参照了翻译理论与实践、英汉翻译教程、英汉对比与翻译、英汉翻译技巧等方面的书籍。(具体参考文献请见“主要参考文献部分”)

2.2.4 其他翻译辅助工具

此外,在翻译实践中,译者还采用了其他翻译辅助工具。如,为了准确无误地理解原文本中所描绘的建筑景观及其设计方案,以便做出准确的译文、有效地传达原文信息,译者在动手翻译前,积极与导师进行了联系和沟通,通过导师与大连理工大学出版社联系的方式,向出版社索要了每处建筑景观的设计图纸和该处景观的整体效果图。这样,在翻译每篇每处建筑景观的设计说明时,首先能够在视觉上直观地看到原文中所描述的该处景观的外貌,其次通过观看设计图纸,能够够更好地理解原文中所阐述的设计理念与方案,这样在翻译时才能更加有效、准确无误地传达出原文信息。因此,查看所译建筑景观的设计图纸和整体效果图,也是本文翻译中一项有效且必不可少的辅助手段。

2.2.5 翻译计划的制定

此次翻译任务计划在5个月内完成(201212月——20134月),整个翻译任务分批次进行。每次每位译员在接到导师安排的翻译任务后,各自进行翻译,并在规定时间内按时上交初译稿。在翻译过程中,每位译员需记录下遇到的翻译问题,随时与翻译小组其他译员进行讨论,对初步讨论结果做好记录。对于经讨论后尚未解决的问题,也要做好记录和标注,待到每周一的导专课上向导师请教。译员每次将完成好的译文上交导师之前,需与小组另一位译员同学进行互批互改,互改之后再将译文在规定时间内上交导师。上交后,在接到下一批次翻译任务之前,每位译员需随时查看邮箱,以便根据导师的反馈意见及时对上交的译文做出修改。

2.3 译中执行情况

2.3.1 制定术语表

由于本次翻译实践的原文属建筑类文本,专业性较强,所以原文本中涉及了很多专业性术语。因此术语表的制定是本次翻译实践中必不可少的一步,同时也是一项较为艰巨的任务。

原文中的术语多为人名、地名、公司名等。本次翻译实践中术语表的制作过程大致是这样的:

首先,每位译员找出自己所译文本中的全部术语,通过查找字典、网络资源等相关资料后,对反复出现的同一术语进行统一命名;其次,四名译员分别拿出自己已初步统一过的术语,进行对比分析,看是否有相同的术语。若相同的术语在不同成员的原文里均有出现,且各译员对该术语的命名互不相同时,四名译员需对该术语进行讨论,最后为该术语确定出一个统一的命名;最后,将由四名译员讨论、初步确定下来的术语表交由导师审阅,待导师的最终确认。

2.3.2 翻译的执行情况

本次翻译实践总体来看,执行情况良好,基本符合开始翻译前所制定的翻译计划。

第一阶段,完成译文初稿阶段。在这一阶段,译者每次在接到导师所分配的翻译任务后,均在规定期限内按时完成了对原文的翻译。同时,在翻译实践过程中,译者记录下了翻译中所遇到的问题,不断积累翻译经验。在这一阶段,导专课的上课内容便以最近的翻译实践为主。导专课上,四位译员同学与导师一起对近期自己所翻译的材料和译文进行探讨,并与其他同学的译文进行对比、分析,相互借鉴,取长补短。通过导专课上,与导师和其他同学一起对译文的对比、讨论、分析,以及获得导师给予的专业性的指导建议,译者对原文有了更深刻的理解,并且从专业的角度进一步掌握了处理不同翻译问题时的不同翻译方法和技巧,初步解决了目前翻译实践中所遗留的问题。

第二阶段,对译文初稿的自我审校和相互审校阶段。这一阶段的工作主要是对译文的质量进行把关。在译文初稿完成后,首先,译者对自己的译文进行校审,筛选出误译、漏译的地方,并对其进行改正;同时,对不准确、不通顺、不完整的译文进行修改。其次,将自己初次审校过的译文与自己所在小组的另一名成员进行互审、互改,互审互改过程中译员间可对翻译时的遣词造句、翻译风格的把握等一系列翻译问题进行探讨,交流翻译心得与经验。经过自我审校和相互审校后,译员方可将自己的译文交给导师,待导师审阅和给出进一步的修改意见。

对译文的审校是一项细致而繁琐的工作,需要译员耐心与细心,对译文的检查和修改,一定要细致到每个字、每个词、每句话上。无论在自我审校还是相互审校的过程中,译员均需本着认真、负责的态度,这样初步保证译文的质量,为做出好的译文打下坚实的基础。

第三阶段,对译文的润色和定稿阶段。按照导师反馈的进一步修改意见,译员对自己的译文进行再次修改,并加以润色。在这一阶段的修改过程中,并不只是对导师所指出的地方进行修改,而是要在此基础上,还要对自己的全部译文再次检查,不断完善和润色。最后,将按照导师修改意见修改和润色过的译文交由导师,待导师再次审阅和最终定稿。

2.4 译后校审

对译文的审校是译后事项中的一项繁琐而重要工作,直接关系到译文成稿的质量。

2.4.1 审校人员的确定

审校工作主要包括自我审校、译员间相互审校和导师审校这三个阶段,因此,审校人员主要有自身译者、其他三名译员及导师。

2.4.2 具体的审校方法及执行

2.4.2.1 自我审校

初稿完成后,译员首先进行自我审校,这也是审校工作的第一阶段。在自我审校过程中,译员需对译文进行从头至尾的通读和检查,这一阶段的审校工作主要包括这几方面:第一,检查译文是否通顺、易懂、准确、完整,对于不准确、不通顺、不符合汉语语言习惯的译文,译者需将译文定位到原文,重新理解原文,吃透原文,同时将译文与原文进行对比,找出译文的问题所在,最后修改或重新做出与原文相符、准确、通顺的译文;第二,筛选出译文中错译、漏译的地方,与原文进行比对,改正译文,补充译文;第三,检查译文中有无错别字、有无标点符号的使用错误,若发现错别字和使用错误的标点符号,及时做出改正。

在自我审校过程中,由于译者易受到自身定式思维模式的限制,审校的只是译文中较为明显、浅显的问题,所以译文在表达上、遣词造句上以及翻译风格上的问题需译者与他人讨论、经他人审校后再做进一步的确定。

2.4.2.2 译员间互改

在自我审校的基础之上,每位译员与组内其他成员进行译文互改。首先,每位译员先将自校过的译文与自己所在小组的另外一名成员进行互改。互改过程中,对有疑问及需要改正的地方校对者以批注的形式标记出来,以便对译文进行阅读和检查后,与该译文的译者进行探讨。各小组内的两名成员进行互改和商讨后,再将自己的译文与其他两名同学,即组外其他两名译员,进行对比、学习和交流,即进行二次互改。

译员间对译文进行互改,能够弥补自我审校中的不足。成员间对译文进行充分的讨论,能够集思广益,拓宽翻译思路,探究解决各种翻译问题的翻译方法,以便不断完善译文,达到最佳翻译效果。

2.4.2.3 导师审校与把关

每位译员将互改后的译文上交给导师,由导师进行审阅和再次校对,并且由导师在宏观和微观上进行整体的把关。导师将校对后的译文反馈给每位译员后,每位译员将自己的译文与导师校对后的反馈版进行仔细的对比和学习,以便找出自己在翻译中的不足之处。同时,及时吸取导师给出的指导性意见和建议,以便在接下来的翻译任务中及时恰当地运用。


第三章 案例分析

译者每次在接到导师安排的翻译任务后,并没有先对原文的文本性质、语言特点等进行仔细的分析,而是出于认真翻译、译文尽量忠实原文、语句通顺的心态,对原文进行了初译。经过反复的改稿后,译者发现,原文中的描述、说明性语言大多体现在大量起着修饰、补充、说明等作用的并列结构上。接下来译者对其所翻译的文本中出现的并列结构进行了进一步统计,统计发现平均每篇景观设计说明(约二三百个英文单词)中都有10-15处并列结构,在其所翻译的一万四千字左右的文本材料中,大约共有480处左右的并列结构。每个句子翻译的好坏很大程度上取决于对该句子中并列结构翻译的好坏,很多情况下,译文出现不通顺、逻辑不清晰等翻译问题时,往往是因为对原句中并列结构的翻译没有处理好,为译者造成了较大翻译困难。

本章将以分析实例的形式来向大家展示译者是如何解决并列结构这一翻译问题的。“并列结构是英语文体中常见的句法结构之一,它是把两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相似的词、短语、句子等成串排列的结构,以表达同一序列的思想观点和行为动作。并列结构的正确使用使文章句子结构紧凑,意义鲜明,逻辑性强,极大地提高文章的表达效果。”(刘俊冰,20121美国俄勒冈大学语言学系研究员托马斯·佩恩(Thomas Payne,199359)在Exploring Language Structure: A Student’s Guide一书中曾对并列结构进行了这样的分类,即词汇的并列、短语的并列、分句的并列。在解决不同类型并列结构的翻译问题时,译者采用了不同的解决方法。在具体的分析和探究过程中,译者将在所译文本中选取大量具体的案例,加以佐证。

3.1 翻译原则

“重现原文信息是翻译的基本目标”。 (Nida, 1969: 12) Namit Bhatia也曾说过,“翻译是以对等的目的语文本来展现交流源语文本意思。”(Namit Bhatia, 1992:54)可见,译文需准确传播原文信息,这也是译者在翻译并列结构时首要所遵循的原则。此外,译者还需遵循可读性原则,使其所翻译的作品具有可读性,因为“任何翻译活动都必须服务于社会,使社会受益”。(刘宓庆,200549)“所谓译文的可读性(readability),是指译文的通顺可读程度。(孟宪英,2012127

那么,在翻译并列结构时,我们就需对不同类型的并列结构采用不同的翻译方法,以使译文尽量达到 重现原文信息和具有可读性的双重效果。

3.2 并列词语的翻译

并列词语即为由单词组成的并列结构。词语的并列是并列结构的基本形式。在译者所翻译的景观与建筑设计说明中,有着大量的并列词语。词语的并列有名词的并列、动词的并列、形容词的并列等。由于词性不同,加之在翻译过程中译者要使译文符合建筑用语特点,所以在解决该建筑文本中并列词语的翻译问题时,译者根据该并列词语所处的上下文语境及其词性特点,主要采用了直译法和意译法来进行解决。

3.2.1直译法

案例1The Bulcock Beach foreshore is a unique site with significant environmental, recreational and scenic values.

译文:布卡克海滩的前滩是一处独特的景点,具有重要的环境、娱乐和风景价值

分析:原句中,相互并列的三个单词environmental, recreational, scenic为三个形容词,所以这是一组形容词并列的并列结构,在句中作values的定语。这三个形容词的词义很简单也很明显,分别为“环境的,有关环境的”“娱乐的,消遣的”“风景的,景色的”,我们按照这三个形容词以上所述词义对原文进行翻译,那么与后面的values搭配在一起,便译为了“环境、娱乐和风景价值”。翻译时我们遵循了原句并列结构中各单词的基本词义和原序,我们发现做出的译文“环境、娱乐和风景价值”通顺、准确传达了原文信息、符合汉语语言习惯,因此我们用直译法解决了该句中三个并列形容词的翻译,可取。

案例2Diamond Teague Park houses the HQ of the Earth Conservation Corps (ECC), an organization that involves neighborhood kids in the stewardship and restoration of the river.

译文:地球资源联合会的总部位于钻石提格公园内,该组织邀请社区的孩子们参与河流的管理与维护工作

分析:原句中的并列结构为两个名词的并列:stewardship and restoration. 为了准确起见,通过查阅字典可知,stewardship的词义为“①管理工作,代理工作;②管理员的职位”,restoration的释义为“①恢复;回复;收复(失地等)复职;复位归还;偿还;返还恢复健康,复元修复;复原;维护修复物;重建物;(已绝迹动物的)复制模型(法规等的)重新执行王政复辟;王政复辟时期”。那么我们选取stewardship的第一种释义“管理工作”和restoration的第五个释义“修复,复原,维护”,尝试按照这两种释义来对原文进行翻译, stewardship and restoration 便译为“管理与维护工作”。与其后面的of the river 连在一起,译文便是“河流的管理与修复工作”,可以发现,译文通顺,并准确有效传达了原文信息。直译时,不仅要全面准确地阐释原作含义,还要做到不随意增加或删除原作的内涵,也要保持原有的风格。

案例3, :The intervention area corresponds to four different spaces along the margin, with variable dimensions and geometry.

译文:这片被开发的地区包括沿水的四块不同区域,其面积与形状各不相同。

分析:原句中的并列词语为dimensions and geometry,是一对并列名词。dimensionsdimension的复数形式,《21世纪大英汉词典》对dimensions的第三种解释为:[常用复数]面积,大小;容积,体积;量。对geometry的第四种解释为:形状,图形;几何结构,几何体。这里的dimensions and geometry是就四块不同区域(four different spaces)而言,用来描述这些区域的大小与外形,这里我们就分别取《21世纪大英汉词典》中dimensionsgeometry的第三种和第四种释义,尝试对原文进行翻译,dimensions and geometry便被译为“面积与形状”。将dimensions and geometry这一并列词语的译文(“面积与形状”)放置整句话的翻译当中,整句话的译文即为“这片被开发的地区包括沿水的四块不同区域,其面积与形状各不相同”。可见,译文重现了原文信息,符合汉语语言习惯,同时符合该并列词语所在的语境,具有可读性。“好的译文译出了词的内涵,并非词的外延。”(Umberto Eco, 19968 因此,此处运用直译法对dimensions and geometry这一并列词语进行翻译便解决了该处并列结构的翻译问题。

3.2.2意译法

在对并列词语进行翻译时,译者除了运用了直译法,还适当地运用了意译法。

案例4The jury stated the project was “an excellent example of the potential for landscape architects to play a key leadership role in visioning and delivery of more sustainable urban design”.

译文:评审团称,该项目是“证明景观建筑师在构思和展现更加可持续的城市设计方案中,起着主要引导作用的极好范例”。

分析:visioning由动词vision变来,由于位于介词in之后,所以需将动词vision变为动名词的形式。那么我们就从动词vision的词义来分析,其词义有“想象,在幻觉中看到,显现”之意,在这里如按照其字面意思进行翻译,即直译,显然译文行不通,所以需要对其进行意译。著名翻译家和翻译理论家Newmark曾提出这样的翻译公式:The word means X but you wouldn’t really call it X here.Newmark, 199392)由此可见,在实际翻译过程中,根据具体语境,很多时候不能对原文进行机械地逐字翻译,而是需要对原文进行意译。如果把of去掉不考虑,我们可以说动词vision后面的宾语是design,我们需根据vision的基本词义来确定一个能与宾语“设计(方案)”相搭配的动词,由此译者选取了“构思”一词来作为vision的汉语译文,“构思”是一个具有将来时意味的动词,这一点与其基本词义“想象”相符,即其动作承受者都未发生的事情;其次,“构思的设计(方案)”这一动宾搭配较为符合汉语语言习惯。再看delivery一词,其动词为deliver,由于位于介词in之后,所以选用了其名词形式delivery,但是我们还是从其动词词义入手,deliver的基本词义为交付;发表;递送;释放;给予(打击);给接生,暂时将of去掉不看,这几种词义与后面的宾语design根本不相搭配,所以译者将deliver意译为展现。首先deliver的基本词义“交付,递送”就有“将呈现在某人面前,将展示给某人”之意,而“展现”也具有这样的含义,而且“交付”和“展现”这两个词都强调的是结果,即动作的最后结果;其次,“展现”与“设计(方案)”比较搭配,即“展现设计(方案)”。因此,译者将visioning and delivery这一并列词语意译为“构思和展现”。

复旦大学外国语言文学学院教授何刚强在《笔译理论与技巧》一书中这样说道,“英汉词典所提供的汉语释义许多只具有参考价值而不能搬用,词的本意虽然确定,词意却会随着句境和语境的变化而变化。”(何刚强,200961)。翻译中遇到该种情况时,采取意译法来进行翻译也是十分必要的。下面以例5为例举例说明。

案例5Also we have to think of the needs of the visitors, the family members and friends that come to visit, make it a pleasant visit for all, should be an emotional, sensitive and variable experience.

译文:我们也必须考虑到访客、居住者家属和朋友的需求,使所有来访者感到愉快,让他们在心情和感官上都能获得多重体验。

分析:原句中的并列词语为emotional, sensitive and variable,其中,译者在对emotionalsensitive翻译时采取了意译。emotional的释义为① 感情的;情绪的;表情的,感情表露的; ()动感情的;()激动的,情绪()激动的;易哭的,易怒的;表现强烈情感的;诉诸感情的;有感染力的;激起情感的,激动人的,令人激动的,(感动得)令人流泪的,催人泪下的;情绪冲动的;感情用事的;不理智的。显然,无论将这五种解释当中的哪一种直接套用过来对原文翻译都是行不通的。由emotional的第一种释义“感情的;情绪的”可联想到,无论是“感情的”、还是“情绪的”,都是指人的主观情感,都与人的心情有关,并且根据原文所在语境亦可断定这里的emotional是想表述来访者的心情,所以译者这里将emotional意译为“在心情上”。如果直接选用“感情的”或“情绪的”这两种解释对emotional进行直译,“感情的”语义较重,而“情绪的”又较偏贬义。再来看sensitive一词,原意为感觉的,感受的;有感觉的;易受(外界)影响的(情绪等)易波动的;(思维等)敏锐的;[生理学]敏感的,神经质的;有关感觉的。如果在这里将sensitive直译为“有感觉的”、“敏感的”或“易波动的”等等,一定不符合上下文语境和语义,所以需对sensitive意译。根据字典上对sensitive的第五种解释“有关感觉的”,以及原文描述的是来访者的感受,而且这里所描述的“来访者的感受”一定是来访者第一感觉所感受到的,译者这里将sensitive 意译为了“在感官上”,既符合上下文语境,又与前面对emotional的翻译“在心情上”形式相一致。通过对emotionalsensitive这两个并列词语意译,译文通畅、可读,符合了上下文语境。但意译并不意味着可以将内容随意改动或增删,“和语言一样,翻译是一项受约束的活动。”(Peter Newmark, 19916译者必须深钻原文,融会贯通,抓住要点。

3.3 并列短语的翻译

短语是由两个或两个以上的单词组合起来构成的(也称词组)。顾名思义,并列短语一般是由两个或两个以上的短语组合而成,短语与短语之间是并列关系,中间常用逗号或andor等并列连词连接。建筑英语的语体特点之一就是语言准确、正式,而名词的特点之一就是语义明确、客观,所以译者所翻译的建筑文本中有着很多并列的名词短语。此外,为了更加准确、细致地说明每处景观的作用及其方位,原文本中还出现了大量并列的动词短语和介词短语等。把这些并列短语翻译得客观准确、不失韵律节奏,且符合建筑用语的特点,对于译者来说无疑是一项挑战。对于原文中并列短语的翻译,译者主要采用直译和转译的方法来进行解决的。

3.3.1直译法

案例6PLACE Design Group was commissioned as lead consultant in 2007 by the Sunshine Coast Regional Council to undertake master plan review, design development, stakeholder consultation and to prepare detailed tender documentation for the Bulcock Beach Esplanade Redevelopment project.

译文:2007年,阳光海岸地区市政局委任普利斯设计咨询公司为布卡克海滩滨海路重建项目的首席顾问,使其承担项目的总体规划评审、设计开发、股东协商这三方面工作,并为项目准备详细的招标文件。

分析:master plan review, design development, stakeholder consultation是三个并列短语,作undertake的宾语。译者用直译法对这三个并列的名词性短语进行了翻译,即翻译时遵照了每个单词的字面意思,同时也遵循了单词原本的顺序。为了确保翻译的准确性和可读性,译者在Google上分别对“总体规划评审、设计开发、股东协商”这三个短语进行了搜索,搜索结果统计如下表:

被查询短语

搜索结果

总体规划评审

1,930,000

设计开发

67,600,000

股东协商

8,300,000

这三个短语在google上的搜索结果均在百万条以上,可见,“总体规划评审” “设计开发” “股东协商”这三个短语已被广泛使用,因此此种译文是可被接受的。

案例7The project also involved challenges associated with infrastructure renewal and upgrade in such a sensitive location and within a limited construction budget.

译文:在地理位置如此敏感、建设预算费有限的条件下,该项目面临着基础设施更新和升级的挑战。

分析:in such a sensitive location and within a limited construction budget分别是由inwithin引导的两个并列的介词短语,in such a sensitive location叙述的是该项目的位置,within a limited construction budget叙述的是该项目所处的外部条件,其实这两个短语都是在叙述该项目当前的条件。由于该并列短语中每个单词的词义及整个短语的意思都比较明显易懂,所以译者对其进行了直译,直译时,对这两个并列短语进行了一个小小的融合,即把它们翻译在“在……条件下”这样的一个符合汉语习惯的语言框架里。此外,由于汉语的说话习惯通常是把表示位置、条件、时间等话语放在前面,所以译者在翻译原句时,将这两个介词短语放在了句首。

3.3.2转译法

案例8It is this simple solution which will ensure the longevity of the Jack Evans Boat Harbor parklands as they are placed under the pressures of a growing coastal population and the many pressures of urban densification.

译文:海岸人口不断增长,城市人口密度增加,使杰克埃文斯船港绿地承受着巨大的使用压力,而正是这种简单的设计方案,将确保其长期存在。

分析:a growing coastal populationurban densification是其所在并列短语中的两组名词性短语,其实the pressures of a growing coastal population and the many pressures of urban densification这一并列短语可以理解为the pressures of a growing coastal population and urban densification。“由于英语和汉语分属不同的两种语系,在语法和表达习惯上存在很多差异。因此多数情况下在进行英译汉时,原文和译文在词汇上不能一一对应。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯,为了使译文准确传达原文的意思,翻译时就需要进行英语和汉语之间的词类转换。”(郑守志,20101译者在翻, 译该句时,根据汉语的表达习惯,对其中的某些单词进行了转译,经过转译的译文为“海岸人口不断增长,城市人口密度增加”, 即将前一个名词性短语中的growing(成长的,发展的)这个形容词转译为了动词“增长”,将后面的名词性短语中的名词densification(致密,稠密)转译为了主谓结构“密度增加”。采用转译法对原句中的并列短语进行翻译后,可见译文通顺、易懂。

9Through a tight integration of the building in the site and transformation of the flat roof into a useful greenspace, the relatively massive construction of the Kindergarten is reduced to visually pleasing dimensions, avoiding a competitive position against the church.

译文:通过该地建筑物进行紧密整合以将屋顶平台改造为一块具有实用价值的绿地,幼儿园这项相对庞大的建设工程,面积被缩减,看上去和谐悦目,避免了在地理位置上与教堂的竞争。

分析:译者对于目的语语言的演进具有巨大的推动作用。”(Christopher Kasparek198384)例如一个名词在不同的上下文中,或在不同的译者翻译下,既可能转译成动词,也可能转译成别的词类。其他词类的转译也无不如此。原句中a tight integration of the building in the site and transformation of the flat roof into a useful greenspace是一组并列的名词性短语,翻译时,译者将其中的两个名词,即integrationtransformation,转译为了两个动词:“对……整合”和“将……改造为”。这样,a tight integration of the building in the site,译为“该地建筑物进行紧密整合”; transformation of the flat roof into a useful greenspace,译为“将屋顶平台改造为一块具有实用价值的绿地”。如果将这两个并列短语按照其名词词性翻译,便会译出“通过该地建筑物的紧密整合和平屋顶变为有使用价值的绿地的转变”这样的译文,译文的前半句读起来还算可以,但是后半句的译文就很不通顺了。所以在这里,采用转译法是必要的。

案例10 After a competitive process, our firm was selected to resolve the many challenges inherent in this affordable, multiuse senior housing project: complex city and community reviews; complex financing; and complex siting on a very tight, former freeway location in San Francisco.

译文:经过激烈的竞争,我公司终于脱颖而出,受托解决该经济适用型多功能老年公寓项目固有的诸多挑战性问题:对城市和社区进行综合复审;为项目进行繁杂的融资;在旧金山狭窄的高速公路旧址为该项目进行复杂的选址。

分析:原文中黑体部分为并列的短语。根据原文中reviews, financing, siting这三个词所在的位置可以判断,这三个词均为名词,若分别按照其名词词义进行翻译,则译为“复审”、“融资”和“选址”,就没有体现出动作的行为。由于这几个并列短语是对原文中冒号前面challenges的解释说明,既然是解决“挑战性问题”,那么就要译出动作之感,因为“问题”通常是以某种行为方式来解决的。所以,将第一个短语中的名词reviews转译为动词“对......复审”,更符合上下文语境,更贴切。同理,后面的两个并列短语中的名词financingsiting,在翻译时都转译为了动词,分别为“为......融资”和“为......选址”,这样才能体现出解决挑战性问题时所实施的动作行为。

3.4 并列分句的翻译

并列分句是指并列句中由并列连词所连接的句子。建筑英语的文体特征之一就是,句子多为长句。“所谓英语长句,一般是指20个词左右或以上的句子。”(宋天赐,200729)译者所翻译的文本亦是如此。在长句中,常出现分句并列的现象。因此并列分句的翻译关乎复合长句翻译的解决,对整个文本的翻译来说也至关重要。对于文本中并列分句的翻译,译者主要采用了顺译法、拆译法和合译法来进行解决的。

3.4.1顺译法

案例11The design is elegant in its curvilinear form, robust in its materials, fit for purpose in its scale and emphasises sustainability principles.

译文:该设计曲线形式优美,材料坚固,符合其规模上的目标,强调可持续性原则。

分析:这是一个带有两个并列分句的句子,句中的两个并列分句由并列连词and连接,由于这两个并列分句的主语一致,均为the design,所以第二个并列分句中主语省略。该句句意较为简单明了,所以我们采用顺译法。“顺译法,除了指翻译时按句子行文顺序处理句子的各种成分外,还提示译者要把握好全句的结构,理顺全句各部分之间的关系,“断句” 则是这个操作过程的关键,“断句”是将原句依顺序切成若干部分,成为独立的意群或停顿群。”(何刚强,200927那么这句话在断句时,很明显并列连词and就是一处明显的切分点,因此按照这样的断句,我们对and连接的两个并列分句分别进行顺译,一个并列分句The design is elegant in its curvilinear form, robust in its materials, fit for purpose in its scale则顺译为“该设计曲线形式优美,材料坚固,符合其规模上的目标”,第二个并列分句(The design) emphasises sustainability principles顺译为“(该设计)强调可持续性原则”。按照顺译法进行翻译后,整句话的译文就是“该设计曲线形式优美,材料坚固,符合其规模上的目标,强调可持续性原则”。断句时的切分点并列连词and在译文也有所体现,首先逗号(“目标”与“并”之间的逗号)将连个并列分句的译文隔开,体现了在and 处对原句的切分;其次,and被译为了“并”。

案例12Two of the six classrooms and the nursery school are situated on the ground floor, whereas the other four group rooms and the appropriate service rooms are on the first floor.

译文:六间教室中有两间,和托儿所一起,均位于大楼的底层;其他四间教室和相应的服务室则位于一楼。

分析:原句中的两个并列分句由表示转折的并列连词whereas连接。原句中隐藏一种顺序问题,即:先说六间教室中的两间,接下来再说剩下的四间(the other four group rooms),所以按照原文的顺序及我们通常的逻辑思维方式,我们还是采用顺译法来对其翻译。同样,在用顺译法对该句进行翻译之前,我们还是对原句做断句处理。由于这是一个由两个并列分句组成的句子,断句时首当其冲应在并列连词whereas处断。断句后,第一个并列分句则被顺译为“六间教室中有两间,和托儿所一起,均位于大楼的底层”;第二个则被顺译为“其他四间教室和相应的服务室则位于一楼”。整个译文中,两个并列分句由分号连接,体现了出了原文由两个并列分句组成这一句式结构。此外,并列连词whereas被译为“而”,表达并列的同时体现出转折意味。

案例13This gives a clear view of the tranquil green surroundings and invites the residents from their rooms out into the garden.

译文:这样的设计使居住者清晰地欣赏到四周恬静、葱郁的景象,同时也吸引着他们走出室内,来到花园。

分析:and连接两个并列分句,and连接的这两个并列分句讲述两个不同的内容:居住者首先是能清晰地看到恬静、葱郁的景象,其次才有走出室内来到花园的愿望,所以翻译时我们还是采用顺译法。首先还是在并列连词and处断句,然后再用顺译法分别译出两个并列分句。This gives a clear view of the tranquil green surroundings,顺译为“这样的设计使居住者清晰地欣赏到四周恬静、葱郁的景象”,其中“居住者”是根据第二个并列分句中的residents而来。第二个并列分句invites the residents from their rooms out into the garden,省略了主语this,因为与第一个并列分句主语相同,该句顺译为“吸引着他们走出室内,来到花园”。此外,从整个译文来看,这里并列连词and有着些许的递进意味,被译为“同时也”,尤其是“也”字,体现出了这种递进,符合人们的思维逻辑,因为居住者看到恬静、葱郁的景象之后,进一步才会有走到花园里的欲望。

3.4.2拆译法

“英语重形合,而汉语重意合,因此英语汉译时常常把英语原文的一个句子拆成汉语的数个小句。”(王巍,20081并列分句的翻译亦是如此。译者在翻译并列分句时,将拆译法分为了两种形式进行运用。

第一种形式,将并列分句中某一分句拆译为几个句子。详见案例14和案例15

案例14The fluentness of the outdoor space fully considers the behavior characteristics of the users, at the same time, takes care of its transitional continuity.

译文:室外空间十分畅通,这样的设计充分考虑了使用者的行为特征,同时也考虑了室外空间的过渡连续性。

分析:这是一个由at the same time这一短语连接的两个并列分句。对于第一个分句,译者采用了拆译法,即将这一分句拆译为了几个句子。首先译者将The fluentness of the outdoor space fully considers the behavior characteristics of the users这句中的The fluentness of the outdoor space拿出来单独译为一句“室外空间十分通畅”,其次又以“这样的设计”为主语开头,翻译剩下的部分fully considers the behavior characteristics of the users。其实以“这样的设计”开头,也是作为第二个分句的主语,因为整个句中的两个并列分句都是以The fluentness of the outdoor space为主语的,只是译者把The fluentness of the outdoor space单独译为一句后,又为这两个并列分句找了一个共同的主语。如果将The fluentness of the outdoor space fully considers the behavior characteristics of the users这句不进行拆分翻译,而是按照原序翻译为“室外空间的畅通充分考虑了使用者的行为特征”,这样的译为会让读者觉得摸不着头脑,空间的通畅怎么会考虑行为特征呢?接下来,at the same time连接了第二个并列分句takes care of its transitional continuity,这个分句省略了主语The fluentness of the outdoor space,而这一分句译者是用顺译法进行翻译的,所以在此不做详细阐释。

案例15Opposite to the other rooms the group rooms have an increased height and the circular skylights brighten the entire depth of the room with natural daylight from all directions.

译文:组合式房间与其他房间相对,在高度上有所增加。白天,自然光透过圆形天窗,从四面八方照射进来,把整个房间照的通亮。

分析:首先,译者将and前面的这半句拆译为两句,译为“组合式房间与其他房间相对,在高度上有所增加”,这样叙述更清晰,先是描述组合式房间的位置,后是描述教室的高度。如果将这句译为“与其他房间相对的教室在高度上有所增加”,则所要描述的组合式房间的“位置”和“高度”这两件事,在层次上就不是十分分明,读起来不如拆译后的译文易懂。接下来,and之后的后半句,译者更是进行了拆译。由于汉语通常习惯把表示时间的词语放在句首,所以后半句译者以“白天”这一表示时间概念的词语起句,“白天”一词源于英语原文中的daylight一词中的day,即对daylight进行了拆译;the circular skylights brighten the entire depth of the room with natural daylight from all directions这句如果按照原文顺序,大致意思是“圆形天窗用白天的自然光把整个房间照的通亮”,而天窗怎么能把房间照亮?归根结底是自然光照亮的房间,所以经过逻辑分析,译者把后半句中在原文中作主语的the circular skylights拆译成了译文中表示方式的介词短语“透过圆形天窗”,然后把naturaldaylight中的light放在一起译为了“自然光”,作后半句的主语,最后再译原文中作谓语和宾语部分的brighten the entire depth of the room。也就是说,译者把并列分句中的后一分句拆译成了四个小句。

第二种形式,将并列句中的某一简单并列分句拆译成复杂句。详见案例16

案例16It is the only place on the riverfront that has direct access to the water -- from the land side, the public is brought to the water’s edge and from the river, the construction of two new piers, one for water taxis and another for canoes and kayaks, brings people to the neighborhood by boat.

译文:钻石提格河滨公园是该河岸地区唯一能够直接通向水域的场所——人们通过这里可以从陆地直达水边。由于河上新建两个码头,分别供水上的士、独木舟和橡皮船停靠之用,所以人们可以从河上乘船前往附近社区。

分析:破折号后面有两个并列分句,其中第一个分句是对破折号前面It is the only place on the riverfront that has direct access to the water这一句的解释说明。接下来由一个并列连词and,连接了第二个分句,from the river, the construction of two new piers, one for water taxis and another for canoes and kayaks, brings people to the neighborhood by boat。这一句是我们运用拆译法重点来解决的句子,翻译时译者将这一简单的并列分句译为了复杂句。from the river, the construction of two new piers, one for water taxis and another for canoes and kayaks, brings people to the neighborhood by boat这一句的主干是the construction of two new piers brings people to the neighborhood by boat,主干之间还夹带了one for water taxis and another for canoes and kayaks这样一句。主干的意思是“新建的两个码头把人们带到附近社区”,但这样的译文没做到通顺、易懂,也不符合汉语说话习惯,也就是说不具可读性,所以我们要对这一句进行拆译。首先我们对from the river, the construction of two new piers, one for water taxis and another for canoes and kayaks, brings people to the neighborhood by boat这一句进行逻辑上的分析,即,是因为河上新建了两个有着不同的用途的码头,所以人们才能从河上乘船来到附近的社区。也就是说,经过分析我们可知,这句里面暗含着一个因果关系:因为有了码头,所以人才能乘船,才能来到附近社区。所以我们在翻译这句简单句时,将其拆译为一个带有因果关系的复杂句,即拆译成“由于……,所以……”这样的复杂句句式,层次和意思就更清晰易懂了。

3.4.3合译法

对于本次翻译实践中并列分句的翻译,译者还运用了第三种翻译方法来进行解决,即合译法。在解决并列分句的翻译问题时,译者将合译法分为三种情况进行了运用。

第一种情况,即把原文中两个或两个以上的并列分句译成一个句子,翻译过程中通常不会将英语原文中的几个谓语及其后面的成分逐个翻译出来,而是进行适当的合并,这样使译文显得语言简练,表述自然,语意清晰。请见下面案例17

案例17At approximately 32 hectares it will provide a mix of land uses, be home to 10,000 – 12,000 people in market and non-market housing, and demonstrate exemplary practices in energy and water conservation, innovative infrastructure practices and transit oriented development.

译文:(项目竣工后),面积约32公顷的综合用地将涵盖一个可容纳10,000-12,000人的商业和非商业居民区,使其成为能源和水资源保护、基础设施创新、改造型开发项目的最佳示范。

分析:这是一个包含三个并列分句的句子。整个句子的总体结构是it will provide land…, be home to…, and demonstrate practice in…。如果按照原文这个总体结构来进行翻译,将会译为“将提供一个用地,成为所在地,并且证明实践”这样一个汉语长句,很不符合汉语语言习惯,而且译文显得十分拘谨,过分拘泥于原文的格式。所以,我们需对原文加以整合,看能否将原文中的几句译为一句,或能否将不同的句子成分组合在一起。经分析,译者发现将前两个并列分句合译为一句的可能性和可行性比较大,因为这两句中有两个意思上有共同点的两个单词,即landhome,都跟“地点”有关,也就是说这两句都是围绕“地点”来进行描述的,而且主语一致,均为it,所以译者将这两句尝试合译为一句,即将At approximately 32 hectares it will provide a mix of land uses, be home to 10,000 – 12,000 people in market and non-market housing这两个并列分句合译为“面积约32万平方米的综合用地将涵盖一个可容纳10,000-12,000人的商业和非商业居民区”。最后再翻译and后面的那个分句。

第二种情况,在翻译比较简短的两个或两个以上英语并列分句时,译者也是用合译法来解决的,此种情况尤其常见于由反复出现的同一个单词所引导的并列分句。具体案例与分析请见下面的案例18

案例18The spirituality of the waterfront can only be fully attained when it has been repaired, when the water again breathes life.

译文:只有当滨水区重新被修复、其水体再度生机盎然时,它的灵气才能淋漓尽致地展现出来。

分析:原句中由两个when引导的两个并列分句在句中作状语,即这是两个均由when引导的、并列的状语从句,表示滨水区重获新生的条件。如果将这两个表示时间的并列分句译为“当时,当时”,则过于拘泥于原文行文格式,而且没有译出这两个条件缺一不可的意味,因为前面的only就已表明,后面两个由when引导的、并列的时间状语从句是滨水区再展灵气的两个必要条件,缺一不可。所以译者把两个并列的、均由when引导的时间状语从句合译为一句,并且译为了“只有当时”这一句式,其中“只有”是对原句中only的体现,其实也是一种合译法,即:将主句中的单词融合到从句中进行翻译。

第三种情况,在运用合译法对并列分句进行翻译时,有时需将英语原文中并列分句的顺序进行调整,将并列某一并列分句适当地与句子中的其他成分融为一起,进行翻译。详见案例19

案例19Furthermore, each quarter will also boast its own (district) center, which the inhabitants will be able to reach on foot, and which have all requisite facilities.

译文:此外,每个分区都独自拥有一个必要设施齐全的中心区域,居民步行即可到达

分析:此句中and连接的两个并列分句均为which引导的定语从句,作(district) center 的定语。如果按照英语原文行文顺序进行翻译,译文就会成为此外,每个分区都独自拥有一个中心区域,居民步行就能到达这个中心区域,而且这个中心区域必要设施齐全这样的句子。我们可以发现,这样的译文读起来十分零散,不够连贯,太拘泥于原文的形式,而且中心区域这一短语重复了很多遍。所以译者考虑能否将其中一个定语从句(并列分句中的一个)与主句融合在一起进行翻译,然后再单独翻译另外一个定语从句(第二个并列分句)。经观察和分析,译者认为把第二个定语从句,即并列分句中的第二个分句,与前面的主语融合在一起翻译比较合适,因为这个分句说的是中心区域必要设施的状况,也就是说这句描述的是中心区域自身状况,所以这一分句与其前面的主句更为密切。而并列分句中的第一个,即第一个定语从句,说的是居民与这个中心区域的关系,与前面主句的关系不如第二个分句与主句的关系密切。所以译者把each quarter will also boast its own (district) centerwhich have all requisite facilities这两句进行合译,译为每个分区都独自拥有一个必要设施齐全的中心区域,最后再翻译剩下的那个定语此从句,即并列分句中的第一个分句which the inhabitants will be able to reach on foot,译为居民步行即可到达。运用合译法对本句进行翻译后,译文更加紧凑、连贯,符合汉语语言习惯。

3.5 本章小结

本章主要阐述了并列词语、并列短语、并列分句这三类并列结构翻译问题的解决,并列结构的形式不同,译者采用的翻译方法也不同。总体上来说,对于这些并列结构的翻译,译者主要采用了直译法、意译法、转译法、顺译法、拆译法和合译法。但由于篇幅有限,在每一种翻译方法下,译者只在其所译文本中选取了几个具有代表性的典型案例,进行了分析和阐释。除了本章中所引用的并列结构案例之外,原文中还有很多并列结构的实例,对于那些没有在本章被引用的并列结构,请参见附录中的翻译原文和译文。


第四章 实践总结

4.1 翻译方法、技巧总结

本次翻译实践报告所阐述的中心问题是建筑英语中并列结构的翻译。译者所译文本中,出现了大量不同形式的并列结构,对于这些不同形式的并列结构,译者在翻译过程中采用了不同翻译方法来进行解决。首先,对于并列词语的翻译,译者采用的翻译方法主要有直译法和意译法;其次,对于并列短语的翻译,译者主要运用了直译法和转译法;最后,对于并列分句的翻译,译者主要采用了顺译法、拆译法和合译法来进行解决的。

其实,对于这些翻译方法,没有任何一种翻译方法是解决某一翻译问题的唯一方法,同一个翻译问题,可以有多种方法来解决。首先,译者不同,解决同一文本中同一翻译问题的方法就不同。就拿本次翻译实践报告中所讨论的并列结构的翻译来说,译者在解决本次翻译实践(建筑类文本)中的并列结构的翻译问题时,主要采用了以上所列的直译法、意译法、转译法、顺译法、拆译法、合译法等,而对于其他译者来说,在解决这些并列结构的翻译时,或许就不会使用译者所使用的这些翻译方法,可能还会利用其他的翻译方法或策略来解决;其次,文本不同,解决同一问题的方法也不同,建筑文本中的并列结构翻译问题,译者采用了以上翻译方法,那么对于其他文本中的并列结构的翻译,或许以上翻译方法就不能完全适用,也就是说,不是某种翻译方法就只适合解决某一翻译问题,不能遇到某一翻译问题,就只想到某一翻译方法,要结合本文和事例的具体情况具体分析,找出适当的解决办法。

4.2 翻译经验

通过此次翻译实践,我深刻认识到,要想顺利成功地完成一项翻译任务,译前、译中、译后这三项工作缺一不可。

首先,拿到翻译任务后,一定不要急于动手翻译,应是做好译前准备工作,如,查阅相关资料,了解专业背景知识,把握文本风格和语体特征等,因为对将要译的文本了解的越多,翻译中遇到的问题就会随之减少。

其次 ,翻译中一定要秉承认真、负责的态度,一定不要得过且过。遇到模棱两可的问题时,一定要勤查资料,及时向老师请教,与同学交流,这样才能保证译文的最起码的准确性。由于我本次翻译实践的文本为建筑类文本,专业性较强,经常会遇到很多建筑方面的专业术语,所以需要及时查阅建筑类的相关资料,不能想当然翻译,否则做出的译文可能就会不够准确、不够专业。此外,在本次翻译实践中,我以做批注的形式记录了我所不懂或没有完全解决的问题,以备向老师请教、和同学探讨,同时还为翻译实践报告的撰写打下了基础;我还用记笔记的方式记录了我在解决某一个或某一类重要翻译问题时所用到的翻译方法,以备日后及时复习和学习,将这些比较奏效的方法应用到未来的翻译实践中。我个人觉得我在翻译中收获的这两点小小的经验十分有用,对我日后的翻译实践有很大帮助。

接下来,译后的工作也不可小觑。译后主要是对译文的审校、修改。审校和修改不是一遍就能完成的,通常需对译文进行多次的审校和修改,不断发现错误,进行修改,才能提高译文质量。译文的自改和互改,是两个比较有效的审校方式,能够互相弥补不足,对译文进行双重把关。

最后我想说的是,经过此次翻译实践,让我认识到,合作十分重要。翻译并不是一个人的差事,翻译过程中需与他人不断地交流翻译心得,探讨翻译中遇到的问题,这样才能集思广益,有效地解决所遇到的问题。在译后审校过程中,合作同样重要,与他人互改能够弥补自我修改的不足,如:有些翻译错误在自我修改未能及时发现,他人的互改就可能弥补这一问题。总是,于翻译工作而言,合作必不可少。

4.3 翻译教训

中国有句古话,“不积跬步,无以至千里;不积小流,无以成江海。”翻译亦是如此,贵在坚持,贵在积累。经过本次翻译实践,译者深刻体会到,好的译文绝不是一朝一夕就能做成的,绝不是一蹴而就的,翻译水平的提高是建立在平时大量实践、不断总结翻译经验基础上的。只有平时有翻译量的积累,才会有译文质的飞跃。一名优秀的译者需具有广阔的知识背景、扎实的理论基础,并能够灵活自如地运用两种语言。在本次翻译实践中,我明显感觉自己的知识面过窄、理论知识欠缺、文字功底有待提高,这些在一定程度上都会影响译者对原文的理解和对译文的表达。因此,在今后日子里,我会扩大自己的翻译实践量,及时补充学习理论知识,不断拓展知识面,以提高翻译水平,期待译文能有质的飞跃。

4.4 翻译启示

通过此次翻译实践,我深刻认识到:翻译绝非易事,绝非是两种语言之间的简单转换,不是只懂两门语言就能完成和胜任的。“翻译如婚姻,是一种两相妥协的艺术。”(许钧2006363精通两门语言是翻译的基础,在此基础上,译者还需具备以下几种能力。首先,译者需吃透原文,只有准确、深刻地读懂、理解原文内容,把握原文写作风格和语体特点,才有望做出准确、通顺、完整的译文;其次,译者需具不断提升母语水平,夯实母语基础。在准确理解原文之后,译者需要做的就是用准确、通顺、符合目的语读者语言习惯的目的语将原文表达出来,这一环节需译者具有扎实的母语功底,能够灵活、准确运用母语,因此,不断提升母语水平至关重要;第三,译者需学会换位思考。翻译不同类型的文本,译者需将自己转换为不同的角色,这样才能做出符合译文读者特点、迎合其阅读口味的译文作品。

Susan Bassnett在她的著作Translation Studies中指出:“理论与实践关系密切,重实践轻理论的译者就像只会开车却不懂得汽车工作原理的驾驶员,而重理论轻实践的学者则像一辈子只研究汽车工作原理但却不会开车的技师。”Bassnett, 201079)因此,在翻译的道路上,我们不仅要注重翻译实践中“量”的积累,同时还要不断学习翻译理论知识,及时将翻译理论与实践相结合,用翻译理论来指导翻译实践,用翻译实践来夯实对翻译理论的掌握。只有将理论与实践相结合,我们才能在翻译的道路上走得更稳,走得更远。

翻译是一项细致而繁琐的工作,需译者拿出认真、负责的工作态度。翻译前,要做好准备工作,阅读相关资料,查阅背景信息,准备好可能会用到的工具书等;翻译中,要勤查资料、虚心请教,仔细推敲每一句话、每一个词;翻译后,要反复仔细检查、校正,一定不要在译文中出现低级错误,如错别字、标点符号错误等,好的译文是不断修改出来的。

翻译不仅是一项两种语言的转换活动,更是一项跨文化交际活动,需要译者不断提高自身文化素质、丰富知识储备、了解民族和文化间的差异。只有译者自身的各方面素质不断提高,译文的质量才能不断提高。

4.5 结语

本次翻译实践,经过对原文的认真翻译和对译文的不断修改,我收获了许多宝贵经验,也体会到了一番奋斗后的喜悦。本次翻译实践中,导师给出的许多帮助和指导,让我受益匪浅;论文开题组的老师们也给了我许多宝贵的建议。在此,我衷心地表达对老师们诚挚的感谢。

翻译是一项永远都达不到完美效果的工作。日后,我将不断丰富自己的翻译实践量,拓展知识面,提高作为译者所应具备的各种能力,以期待在翻译这条道路上取得更大的进步。


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附录1 原文与译文

1.   《滨水景观建筑》序言一

More than half of our bodies are made up of water. Is this why people are so drawn to it for peace and relaxation?

我们身体的一半以上都是由水组成。这就是人类因水能够为其带来宁谧和舒缓而被水吸引的原因吗?

Water is one of the most powerful landscape attractants in both public and private places, in cities and natural environments. It’s visual and audible cues are immediately relaxing and often awe-inspiring.

无论在公共场所还是私人空间,在城市还是自然环境,水都是最强大的诱人景, 观之一。水的视觉和听觉效果能够使人立即放松,常常令人肃然起敬。

Water has been and remains a key component within many of the most well-known and highly recognised landscapes throughout the world, both natural and manmade. Its appeal transcends all countries, religions, and cultural values. Man’s relationship with water is inextricably linked, be it as a source of sustenance, a commercial conduit or simply a place of beauty and recreation.

在世界各地的景观中,无论是自然景观还是人为景观,水在最具知名度和高认可度的景观中一直是并且仍然是一个关键的组成部分。水的魅力超越了所有国家、宗教和文化价值。人与水的关系是密不可分的,水是食物的源泉、商业的渠道,或只是一个供人们娱乐的美丽场所。

It is true to say that we never tire of looking at, listening to, or being beside water. Varying immensely in the type of interface, whether man-made or natural, waterfront landscapes are always highly valued destinations.  

可以这样说,我们从没有厌烦欣赏、聆听或是居住在水边。海滨的水面类型变化万千,无论是人为的还是自然形成的,滨水景观一直以来都是一种备受高度重视的景观。

As Landscape Architects and Master Planners, waterfront landscapes present us with some of the most interesting and challenging design exercises. Whether beachfront, lakefront, canal or natural waterway, each of these landscapes carries not only exciting opportunities but also specific sets of guidelines and considerations to maximise the end result for the final users of these special places.

作为景观建筑师和城市规划师,滨水景观为我们呈现了一些最有趣和最具挑战性的设计实践。无论是海滨、湖畔、运河还是自然水道,每一个景观为我们带来的不仅是令人兴奋的娱乐设施,而且还有一套特定的指导方针和见解,使这些特殊场所的最终效果最大程度地理想化,以惠及这些场所的最终使用者。

Landscapes adjacent or associated with water enjoy one of the most beautiful settings, and water, whether active or passive, attracts us to play or rest, and with luck to live beside. For this reason landscapes adjacent to water enjoy a very high level of desirability, not just recreationally and culturally, but in a commercial sense as well. It is very true that water adds tremendous value to land whether it is directly adjacent, or if there is only a glimpse of water from afar.

与水相邻或与水有关的景观,与其周围美丽的布置相得益彰。而水,无论是活跃的还是安静的,都吸引着我们前去游玩、休息,如果有幸,我们还能定居在水旁。由于这个原因,滨水景观拥有非常强的吸引力,不只是在娱乐和文化方面,在商业层面也是如此。有一点是无可非议的是,水大大增加了陆地的价值,无论陆地直接与水相邻还是只有一眼远水。

Therefore designing waterfront landscapes and master planning landscapes around water, means having to consider many different goals. Some common goals include maximising the length of the water-landscape interface, considering accessibility and visibility of the water body, creating safe entry and egress from the water where applicable, optimising the opportunities to interact, enjoy and appreciate the waterfront landscape, managing the co-existence of public and private interfaces to water, and by doing these things elevating the value that waterfront landscapes give to a development or city.

因此,滨水景观的设计与总体规划,意味着必须将多种不同的目标考虑进去。一些常见的目标包括:最大程度地扩大滨水景观界面的长度、考虑水体的可及性和可视性、在适用的情形下构建安全水体景观入口和出口、最大地优化人们与滨水景观的交互并尽情地欣赏滨水景观、管理与水体交叉的公共和个人界面的共处性、提升滨水景观给开发给城市带来的价值。

PLACE Design Group has been involved in many different types of waterfront landscapes, with a number of our waterfront projects attracting international design recognition. We are always excited to master plan and design the many types of landscapes that involve water frontage, from hard-edged boardwalks and parkland promenades to softer natural interfaces. The juxtaposition of landscape and water requires us as designers to appreciate and support the sensitive environmental processes that occur between them, and to design waterfront landscapes that ensure both ecological and economic sustainability.

普利斯设计咨询公司参加过很多不同类型的滨水景观设计项目,有不少项目还赢得了国际设计界的认可。我公司致力于筹划和设计与水滨相关的很多类型的景观,包括硬边缘木板路、公园漫步道以及更为柔和的自然界面。景观与水体的交叉要求我们的景观设计者意识到并将二者之间的敏感环境进程充分考虑进设计中,并设计出具有生态和经济可持续性的滨水景观。

2.   《滨水景观建筑》序言二

Oceans, lakes and rivers have always been the focus for human activity.

海洋、湖泊和河流一直以来都是人类活动的焦点场所。

The water’s edge has always been a special place for people, a place to gather and to settle, a place for work and for contemplation, a place of nourishment and a place of departure and arrival.

于人类而言,水边一直都是一个特殊的活动场所。人们或是在水边聚集而居,或是在水边工作、沉思。总之,水边是一个营养丰富的地方,也是人类活动的出发地和终点。

In nature, the waterfront marks the boundary between two worlds, the land and the water, and brings with it richness and diversity that is hard to compare.

在自然界中,海滨是陆地和水域这两个世界的分界线,并且海滨自身所带有的丰富性和多样性,是无可比拟的。

The place where these great elements meet should always be treated with respect and dignity. Water connects and separates us, it beckons us to another world and challenges us to explore. The water’s edge allows us to ponder another place where our imaginations can roam. It’s a place of spirituality.

这些伟大元素交汇的地方,应始终受到人类的尊重。水将我们连接在一起,也将我们分开。水将我们引领到另一个世界,向我们发出探索的挑战。在水边,我们可以在另一个世界里沉思,在那个世界里,我们的想象力可以信马由缰。那是一个精神世界。

In modern times, these statements are both true and sadly neglected. Many water bodies have been exploited, depleted and dominated by one use or another. Polluted and devoid of life, water can also be an irritant, a reminder of our failures and our greed. The spirituality of the waterfront can only be fully attained when it has been repaired, when the water again breathes life.

在现代社会中,这些观点是真实的,但遗憾的是,它们被人们忽视。许多水体被开发利用并已经枯竭,而且这些水体都是被用于单一用途。水体被污染,水中生物殆尽,水成了一种刺激我们的东西,提醒着我们的失败和贪婪。只有当滨水区重新被修复、其水体再度生机盎然时,它的灵气才能最淋漓尽致地展现出来。

All over the world, waterfronts are being reimagined, restored, re purposed and again given the respect and dignity they deserve.  Through this process, water quality has dramatically improved along with aquatic life.   Modern urban dwellers still understand the intrinsic uniqueness of being by the water. Waterfronts still pull at our hearts and take us to another place. Today waterfronts provide a vital spiritual resource in urban development. 

在世界各地,滨水区正被重新规划、修复、重新定义,并被赋予它们应得的尊重和尊严。在这一过程中,水质和水生生物得到了极大的改善。现代的都市居民依然懂得傍水而居的内在唯一性。滨水区依然牵动着我们每个人的心灵,将我们带到另一个世界。在当今的城市开发中,滨水区为我们提供了一种重要的精神资源。

Modern urban waterfronts should be seen as a place for communal gathering, a place of good health and of celebration. The modern waterfront can continue to feed us, literally and spiritually. Waterfront developments provide us with the opportunity to improve the water environment. To halt the process of degradation, to create the opportunity for nature at the water’s edge and to provide the opportunity for man to witness, understand and experience this transformation.

现代城市滨水区应被视为公共聚集地、充满健康和进行庆祝活动的地方。现代的海滨能够继续滋养我们,无论是在物质层面还是在精神层面。滨水区的开发为我们提供了改善水环境的机会:阻止水体的退化进程、为水边生物创造生存的机会、使人类见证、懂得和经历这一转变。

In such contexts communities thrive. People come to live and enjoy the view. People gather and explore. They come for recreation, health and leisure.

在这样的背景下,种族才能生存。人们来到滨水区定居、欣赏风景。人们也在那里聚集和探索,进行娱乐、保健和休闲活动。

Waterfronts are often rich in human memory, of past times, of communities and of sacred stories. Successful waterfront development draws on the genius loci of the place and provides a reflection of the past resulting in richness and authenticity often lacking in modern development.

人类对海滨的记忆常常是丰富多彩的:有过去的时代、种族,也有神圣的故事。成功的滨水区开发项目建立在滨水区所在地的地方特色基础之上,能够反映出当地的历史,并带来现代开发中通常所缺少的丰富性和真实性。

Through careful and diligent planning waterfront communities can celebrate and remember the sacred value of the water’s edge and all that it has provided for generations past.

通过仔细和精心的规划,滨水社区才能赞美和铭记滨水区神圣的价值所在,以及它为过去几代人所贡献的一切。

3.   Diamond Teague Riverfront Park

钻石提格河滨公园

Diamond Teague Riverfront Park, on the Anacostia River (the most polluted river in the US), is the gateway to the emerging SE Waterfront neighborhood and its entertainment district--both an iconic civic space and a case study in riverfront reclamation. It is the only place on the riverfront that has direct access to the water -- from the land side, the public is brought to the water’s edge and from the river, the construction of two new piers, one for water taxis and another for canoes and kayaks, brings people to the neighborhood by boat. The design integrates regenerative practices with elegance and style, increasing awareness about the interrelationships between social and ecological systems, while at the same time forming a stately and urbane place.  Diamond Teague Park houses the HQ of the Earth Conservation Corps (ECC), an organization that involves neighborhood kids in the stewardship and restoration of the river.  The ECC has taken on the maintenance of the tidal and floating wetlands. It is also the western terminus of the Anacostia Riverwalk. Because of its location on the Anacostia near the Washington Navy Yard, the approvals process was especially complex: approvals were coordinated with and among several DC and US agencies, including the National Park Service, the Army Corps of Engineers, the Coast Guard, the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Department of Homeland Security.

坐落于安那科斯蒂亚河(美国污染最为严重的河流)上的钻石提格河滨公园,是通往东南方向新兴水滨社区及其娱乐区的门户——既是一个标志性的市民活动场所,同时也是河岸改造方面的一个研究案例。钻石提格河滨公园是该河岸地区唯一能够直接通向水域的场所——人们可以从陆地直达水边。由于河上建有两个码头,分别供水上的士、独木舟和橡皮船停靠之用,所以人们在河上可以乘船前往附近社区。该设计将改造实践与典雅、时尚融为一体,在建成既庄严又富有都市气息的活动场所的同时,增强了社会与生态系统之间相互关系方面的意识。地球资源联合会的总部位于钻石提格公园内,该组织邀请社区的孩子们参与河流的管理与修复工作。地球资源联合会已经对潮汐湿地和浮动湿地进行了养护。钻石提格河滨公园也是安纳科斯蒂亚滨河路西侧的尽头。由于该公园位于华盛顿海军工厂附近的安纳科斯蒂亚河边,所以公园的批准程序极为复杂:华盛顿特区相关部门和美国联邦政府相关部门之间不断进行协调,才使得公园的批准得以通过。这些部门包括美国国家公园管理局、美国陆军工兵部队、美国海岸警卫队、美国渔业和野生动物服务局及美国国土安全部。

4.   Frente Do Porto De Pesca

滨海垂钓港

The project refers to the requalification of an extensive and neglected area, along the north side of the water surface of the Fishing Harbour of Póvoa do Varzim. The intervention area corresponds to four different spaces along the margin, with variable dimensions and geometry. The dominant southern solar exposition, and its landform and proximity with the sea level and surface, grant this space its main quality and natural vocation to recreation.

该项目位于波武阿·德瓦尔津渔港水面的北岸,对这块面积广阔却鲜有人问津的地域进行重新改造。这片被开发的土地包括沿水四个不同的区域,面积与形状各不相同。该地区南部富有优势的光照和这一地区接近水面的位置高度,使这里拥有成为休闲娱乐中心的主要特质和自然条件。

The western area (approx. 3000m2) forms a space with a more residual character, between the main access to the harbour installations. The central area (approx. 5500m2) forms the main recreation space, offering a slightly sloped lawn orientated south and towards the water surface, according to the dune typology. Following this concept the posterior surface is covered by shrubs and herbaceous material resistant to salinity. This surface has a higher slope and is exposed to the northern wind. It is contained by a small wall and a linear bench, which simultaneously protect and limit the access through the stairs. The eastern area (approx. 5400m2) has a more concentric and convex shape, and it is covered by a lawn. By its layout, this area provides a great capacity for active recreation. This justifies the later installation of a three-dimensional play structure for children. The Pavillion "Socorros a Náufragos" (unbuilt) is covered by a wooden structure that contains the new public restrooms, and storage areas. This is the only and significant built reference in the whole intervention area. A long wooden path defines the limit of the central space, in relation to the asphalt paving of access to the harbour piers. Its structure is used as a support for a discontinuous and intense lighting, that culminates in the lighting installation of Pavilion, with its reflecting panels.

西部地带(约3000平方米)位于通往港口设施的主要通道之间,更多地保留了原来的特点。中央地带(约5500平方米)是该休闲娱乐中心的主要所在地。依据这里的沙丘类型,开发了一块向南微斜、朝水面方向的草坪。依照这一理念,这一地带后方的地表上种有灌木和耐盐的草本植物。该地带坡度较高,且直对着吹来的北风。一座小墙和一段线形阶地将这一地带包围,在对从楼梯进入的通道起到保护作用的同时,也起一定的限制作用。东部地带(约5400平方米)的地形更加呈同心状,中间突起,被草坪覆盖。这样的布局使得这一地带有足够的能力承担起繁多的娱乐活动。这也为日后安装儿童三维游玩设施奠定基础。落水救护亭”(未建)的外部是一种木质结构,内部建有新的卫生设施和贮藏区。该亭是整个被开发区域中唯一一个重要的已建参考物。一段长长的木栈道划清中央地带的边缘,与通往港口梨树的沥青小路相连。落水救护亭”的结构用来支撑连绵不断的强烈照明设备,该照明设备有反射板,与落水救护亭”的照明设备相连。

5.   Gardens by the Bay

滨海湾花园群

Designed by Grant Associates the Supertrees are unique vertical gardens ranging from 25 to 50 metres in height (equivalent to 9 to 16 storeys), with emphasis placed on the vertical display of tropical flowering climbers, epiphytes and ferns.

由格兰特建筑公司设计的擎天大树是一座独一无二的垂直花园群,其高度从25米到50米(相当于916层楼高)不等。该花园群的重点在于垂直展示热带开花攀援植物、附生植物和蕨类植物。

There are a total of 18 Supertrees, all located within Bay South at Gardens by the Bay. Out of the 18 Supertrees, 12 are situated in the Supertree Grove while the remaining 6 are placed in clusters of threes near the Arrival Square and Dragonfly Lake. Given the relatively short time span to create a garden from reclaimed land, the Supertrees provide an immediate scale and dimension to the Gardens while marrying the form and function of mature trees. They also create height to balance the current and future tall developments in the Marina Bay area. In the day the Supertrees’ large canopies provide shade and shelter. At night, the Supertrees come alive with lighting and projected media created by Lighting Planners Associates.

花园群共有18擎天大树,均位于滨海湾花园群中滨海湾的南边。18擎天大树中,有12座位于擎天大树林中,而其余6座则每3座为一丛,坐落在到达者广场和蜻蜓湖的附近。以较短的时间在改造的土地上建起的擎天大树花园群,在将成熟树木的形式和功能结合起来的同时,为各花园提供了相当程度和面积的美化。各花园也留有一定的高度,以使滨海湾地区当前和未来在高度上的发展保持平衡。白天,擎天大树的巨大树冠提供遮阴和庇护。夜晚,擎天大树在照明规划师协会制作出的灯光和投影媒体下,熠熠生辉。

A 128-metre-long aerial walkway designed by Grant Associates connects the two 42-metre Supertrees in the Supertree Grove to enable visitors to take in a different view of the Gardens from a height of 22 metres. The 50-metre Supertree has a treetop bistro designed by Wilkinson offering a panoramic view of the Gardens and surrounding Marina Bay area.

一条由格兰特建筑公司设计的128米长的空中通道,将擎天大树林中两座42米高的擎天大树连接起来,使游客们可以从22米的高空中观赏到花园群的不同景色。一座50米高的擎天大树树顶上建有一小酒馆,该小酒馆由威尔金森设计。在小酒馆中,游客可以观赏到花园群以及滨海湾地区附近的全景。

6.   Haarlem Droste site

哈勒姆·德罗斯特遗址

During the coming years a number of obsolete factory sites along the River Spaarne in the centre of Haarlem will be redeveloped for homes, employment, culture and entertainment. The location that stirs the imagination most may well be the site of former Droste chocolate factory: it is in a fantastic location, has robust industrial monuments – and a rich past.

在未来几年里,地处哈勒姆中心地带的斯帕尔讷河沿岸的许多废弃工厂遗址将被重新开发为居住区、工作区、文化区和娱乐区。最让人期待的一处就是前德罗斯特巧克力工厂遗址:该工厂位置优越,工业遗迹气息浓郁,历史悠久。

DKV has drawn up an urban plan for the site. HOSPER was requested to design the public spaces, the linking element for the area. The design is determined by the location along the River Spaarne, the site’s industrial past, and the restricted car access to the region. The paving is comprised of one type of rough, pitch-black copper slag paving slab with a grit surface. The pavements immediately in front of the homes are paved with contrasting granite cobblestones. Fresh-green, fragile ginkgos are planted at various locations. The lighting is attached to the façades or suspended from overhead cables whenever possible. Oversized masts with floodlights will be installed along the quay. A concrete capping piece with a buffer beam and mooring rings will enable pleasure boats to moor alongside. In addition, the factory buildings have also been combed for elements that can be reused in the development. This has resulted in a plan for the use of elements of the industrial heritage including tile tableaus, factory machines, and electrical switchgear cabinets. 

DKV已经为该遗址起草了一份城市规划。HOSPER公司应邀设计这一地区的连接部分——公共空间。其沿斯帕尔讷河的地理位置、该地遗址的工业历史以及该地区限制车辆进入等因素,决定了此公共空间设计方案。其道路是由一种粗糙、柏油黑的铜渣铺砌板铺砌而成,路面是一层粗砂。房屋前面的道路则是直接用反差极大的花岗岩鹅卵石铺成。在不同的地方种有鲜绿、纤巧的银杏。照明设备尽可能或是附在外墙上,或是从高架电缆上悬掉安装。码头沿岸将安装带有探照灯的超大电线杆。带有缓冲梁的混凝土覆盖件和系船环能够使游船停靠在其旁边。此外,工厂厂房也已被彻底搜寻,以期找到可以在工程中进行再利用的部分。这一做法催生了一项工业遗产元素再利用计划,这些工业遗产元素包括:瓷砖、工厂机械和电气开关柜。

7.   Jack Evans Boat Harbour - Tweed Heads

杰克·文斯船港——特威德赫兹

The design of Jack Evans Boat Harbour reveals the singular beauty of the ever-s, hifting inter-tidal zone as an inhabitable landscape.

杰克·埃文斯船港景观设计项目是一处宜居景观,显示出潮间带不断变化所带来的非凡美景。

The primary organisational element of the design is a simple, stepped, concrete gesture that frames the harbour edge. The design’s success lies in its creation of a place of recreation; whilst allowing the tidal nature of the river itself to create a unique and ever-changing experience of the parklands. It is this simple solution which will ensure the longevity of the Jack Evans Boat Harbour parklands as they are placed under the pressures of a growing coastal population and the many pressures of urban densification.

该设计的基本组织元素为简单的、阶梯式的、由混凝土建成的造型,它将船港圈围起来。设计的成功之处在于创建了休闲娱乐场所,同时利用河流本身的潮汐特性创造出一种独一无二、不断变化的公用绿地体验。海岸人口不断增长,城市越来越拥堵,使杰克埃文斯船港绿地承受着巨大的使用压力,而正是这种简单的设计方案,将确保其长期存在。

A series of distinct relationships with the water develop along the harbour edge – a new beach and beach deck, rocky headland, an ‘urban pier’, boardwalk, water amphitheatre, swimming areas, fishing points and opportunities for water craft, all of which are designed to withstand frequent tidal and storm surge inundation, and to ‘future proof’ the surrounding parklands against the effects of climate change and sea level rise. In addition, the reshaping of the shoreline has enabled the development of an ‘all abilities’ access ramp to the water at all tidal levels, a unique recreational opportunity for the area.

沿着船港边缘,与水域有着明显关系的一系列开发项目包括:新海滩和海滩人行道、岩石海岬、都市码头、木板路、圆形水剧场、游泳区、钓鱼处和使用水上艇筏的机会。这些项目的设计旨在抵抗频发的潮汐和暴风雨所带来的洪水泛滥,以及使公园的周边地区抵抗未来气候变化和海平面上涨所带来的影响。此外,海岸线的重塑使开发出一个在任何潮位线都能进入水域的全能斜坡成为可能, 因而使其成为这一地区独一无二的娱乐休闲场所。

8.   Kangaroo Bay

袋鼠湾

At the start Council was: vexed by how to deal with its significant land holdings and their degraded condition; confronted by inappropriate developer solutions; and pressured by the community to do better.

起初,管委会对如何管理所辖重要土地以及如何解决土地的退化问题极为苦恼。管委会还要应对开发公司不恰当的操作,社区也对管委会施压,要求其做出改进。

The Kangaroo Bay Urban Design Strategy (2006) established a vision and mechanisms for the creation of a dynamic mixed-use precinct.  The Strategy responded to the qualities of the site, identifying links to nearby shopping areas and suggested the bold move to realign a major road to create a series of substantive commercial/residential development parcels, thus emphasising triple bottom line outcomes.

《袋鼠海湾城市设计策略》(2006)为一个动态混合用途区的创建确定了愿景和机制。该《策略》是对选址的质量方面做出的规定,明确了与附近购物区的联系,并提议对主干道进行大胆的重新调整,创建出一系列独立的商业/住宅开发分区,从而凸显出这三个区域的基本发展方向。

The Strategy motivated Clarence Council to involve Inspiring Place in the preparation of urban design guidelines (2008) and land re-zoning (2009).

在《策略》的指导下,克拉伦斯管委会将灵感城公司列入城市设计导则(2008)和土地区域重新划分决议(2009)的准备工作中来。

Inspiring Place also worked closely with Council to implement the first two stages of the strategy plan. 

灵感城建筑公司与管委会紧密合作,以便实施前两个阶段的策略规划。

Stage 1 (2009) – A promenade at the Bellerive Yacht Club including a retractable bridge over its slipway – the latter a remarkable achievement negotiated after 20 years of opposition. The promenade is now a civic ‘park’ inviting use by cyclists and pedestrians who enjoy un-interrupted connection along the foreshore and a ready-made events space.  The design is robust, fit for the marine environment, uses recycled materials, and encourages people to stop and engage with the waterfront.

第一阶段(2009——在贝尔里弗游艇俱乐部旁建造人行漫步道及俱乐部船台上方的可伸缩桥。后者是历经20年的对立、最终协商所取得的一项非凡成就。现在,人行漫步道是一座市民公园,吸引着自行车爱好者和行人前来,他们喜欢这绵延的海岸交通线和这现成的活动空间。本设计稳健,适合海洋环境,使用可循环材料,并且鼓励人们驻足,前来感受海滨美景。

Stage 2 (2010-2011) - 250m of shared path and foreshore parkland.  The design is elegant in its curvilinear form, robust in its materials, fit for purpose in its scale and emphasises sustainability principles.

第二阶段(2010-2011——建造250米长的共享通路和海滩公园。该设计的曲线形式优美,材料坚固,符合其规模上的目标,并强调可持续性原则。

The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (Tasmania) recognised the strength of the project in 2011 with an Award for Excellence in Landscape Architecture for Urban Design.  The jury stated the project was “an excellent example of the potential for landscape architects to play a key leadership role in visioning and delivery of more sustainable urban design”.

澳大利亚景观建筑师研究所(位于塔斯马尼亚)2011年对该项目的优势予以认可,并授予城市设计优秀景观建筑奖。评审团称,该项目是证明景观建筑师在规划和开发更加可持续的城市设计方案中,起着主要引导作用的极好范例

9.   Yalkavak Palmarina

雅勒卡瓦克海滨码头

Yalikavak is one of the lagoons on the southwestern coast of Turkey, which is becoming a popular destination for blue voyages along the Turkish Riviera. Unlike its provincial center Bodrum, which has faced a building boom in 1980s with the increase of touristic activities, Yalikavak is still a relatively calm, smaller scale settlement with its natural landscape.

雅勒卡瓦勒是土耳其西南海岸上众多个环礁湖中的其中之一,同时也是土耳其里维埃拉海岸上备受欢迎的航海旅行圣地。二十世纪80年代,由于旅游活动的增多,Yalikavak所在省份的中心地点博德鲁姆,经历了一场建设热潮。与博德鲁姆不同,Yalikavak仍还是一个相对安静、规模较小、带有自然景观的居住地。

The project for the extension of the existing marina complex for the use of middle-upper class in Yalikavak has the burden of welcoming a big investment in this area that will also bring its own facilities. The “island” part of Yalikavak Marina, which is the first phase of the complex, is planned to house restaurants, swimming pools, sanitary and mechanical units for needs of megayachts that will dock in the marina. The main motivation for the design of the “island” was to search for the possibility to reconcile the needs of ‘outcomers’ with the genius loci of Yalikavak as a Mediterranean settlement. Instead of a generic design that can easily become an alienated object for this place, an architecture derived from the local character, interpreted as composition of masses with different heights, merging with landscape and with the sea has emerged as a way to be integrated with the place. Alongside the masses that follows a gridal structure in plan, atypical additions such as a lineer wall and a tower accompanies the complex. Following the ancient cities like Kos, Rhodes and Siena, cladded with one material, travertine is used to render the whole complex which is regarding itself as a new-comer, but one of a familiar, not a hard-shell foreigner.

对现有的、供雅勒卡瓦克中上层人士使用的码头建筑群进行扩建的这一项目,承担着为这一地区吸引重大投资的重任。引进来的重大投资项目也将会带来其自有的设施。雅勒卡瓦克码头中的岛屿部分,是该建筑群扩建中的第一阶段。为符合巡航艇的需求,这一阶段计划在码头沿岸建成餐馆、游泳池、卫生和机械部门。岛屿这部分设计的出发点是寻求这样的一种可能性:就是一方面满足观光客的需求,另一方面保护好雅勒卡瓦克这一地中海居住地的地方特色。由于泛化的设计有背于当地的特点,所以将泛化的设计取而代之的是,一种根据当地的地方特色所设计出的建筑风格。这样的建筑风格被视为众多个不同高度建筑物中的组成部分,与自然景观和海洋相融合。这种建筑风格已成为与当地融为一体的一种方式。按计划,众多建筑物将以网状结构进行建造,而这些建筑物的旁边则是一些不具代表性的附加物,如线型墙体、塔,与建筑群相伴相随。与科斯岛、罗兹岛、锡耶纳这些古城一样,整个建筑群的外部将全部由石灰华这种材料所覆盖。石灰华并不是一种新型材料,而是一种常见的、不具有坚硬外壳的外来材料。

10.             Bulcock Beach Redevelopment

布卡克海滩再开发项目

PLACE Design Group was commissioned as lead consultant in 2007 by the Sunshine Coast Regional Council to undertake master plan review, design development, stakeholder consultation and to prepare detailed tender documentation for the Bulcock Beach Esplanade Redevelopment project. The procurement of various   environmental and building approvals from Local, State and Federal Agencies was also required. These approvals were facilitated by proactive discussions with the various agencies and the preparation of an Environmental Management Plan Framework greatly assisted this complex process.

2007年,阳光海岸地区委员会委任普利斯设计咨询公司为总咨询公司,承担主要的计划复查、设计开发、股东磋商等任务,并为布卡克海滩游憩场再开发项目准备详细的投标文件。项目组的采购需当地、省、联邦政府相关部门对其进行环境和建筑上的批准。项目组与各审批部门进行积极主动的商讨,促进了审批的通过,《环境管理计划框架》的草拟也对复杂的审批过程起到了极大的辅助作用。

The Bulcock Beach foreshore is a unique site with significant environmental, recreational and scenic values. The project also involved challenges associated with infrastructure renewal and upgrade in such a sensitive location and within a limited construction budget. PLACE Design Group coordinated and managed a comprehensive team of subconsultants including structural engineer, quantity surveyor, geotechnical engineers, soil scientist, architect, sculptural artist, interpretive, access, hydraulic and electrical consultants through the design and construction phases of the project.

布卡克海滩前岸是一个具有重要的环境、娱乐和风景价值的独特景点。虽然其地理位置敏感、建设预算经费有限,该项目面临着基础设施革新升级方面的挑战。普利斯设计咨询公司对分咨询人员综合工作队的协调和管理贯穿于该项目设计和建设这两个阶段的始终,该工作队人员包括结构工程师、质检员、地质技术工程师、土壤学家、建筑师、雕刻艺术家、设计解读人员、工程准入人员、水力与电学咨询师。

PLACE Design Group also introduced Street & Garden Furniture, Chelmstone, Bell Stainless Steel and Urban Art Projects to the project and worked with these   specialist suppliers and fabricators to acheive an outstanding and robust place making outcome. The design, furnishings, detailing and materials selection is   both responsive to the site and its Pumicestone Passage marine location and will have enduring value to the community. The redevelopment has revitalized a   popular destination for locals and tourists providing greatly improved beach    access and public recreational opportunities.

普利斯设计咨询公司也将街园家具城、Chelmstone公司、贝尔不锈钢公司和都市艺术工程公司引进到该项目中,并与这几家专门供应商和制造商合作,以使该景观设计取得杰出、稳健的成果。该项目在设计、装饰、细节设计和材料选择上,将选址和浮石通道的海上位置考虑进去,这些对社区来说将具有持久不衰的价值。通过极大地改善海滩通道和公共娱乐设施, 该海滩再开发项目使这一备受当地人们和旅游者欢迎的旅游圣地重新恢复了生气。

11.             Jon Storm Park

乔恩斯托姆公园

Jon Storm Park, located in Oregon City, Oregon along the Willamette River near the I-205 overpass, is a 1-1/2 acre park on the site of a previous log boom operation.  The original sheet pile wall that supported a huge crane to lift logs from the log trucks onto rafts below is still in place.  The park is a hub of recreational and boating activity with a regional trail that connects to the 99E bike lanes and through Clackamette Park to the Willamette River Promenade.  The park and trail design incorporate native plantings, local stone, permeable paving materials, picnic areas, an overlook, interpretive signage and bioswales and detention areas to collect and filter all stormwater on-site. The park functions both as a place to gather for lunch and larger festivals where are held along the waterfront each year.

位于俄勒冈州、俄勒冈市的乔恩斯托姆公园坐落于I-205天桥附近的维拉米特河流沿岸,占地1.5英亩。该地先前曾是一个兴旺的原木加工厂。原始的桩板墙仍在那里,桩板墙用来支撑巨大的起重机,以使起重机将原木从卡车上吊起并放在下面的皮筏上。乔恩公园是娱乐、划船活动的中心,这里有一条局域小径与99E脚踏车车道相连,并且穿过克莱克米特公园,直通维拉米特河的人行漫步道。在公园和小径的设计上,本国植物、当地的石头、具有渗透性的铺路材料、野餐区、高耸的解释性的指示牌、生态湿地和保留区有机结合,以便集中和过滤当地所有的暴雨雨水。该公园既可作为午餐集聚地,也可作为一年一度的海滨盛大节日的举办地。

12.             Haihe Riverfront

海河沿岸开发项目

In 2003, PWL Partnership Landscape Architects was invited by the City of Tianjin to prepare designs for a three-kilometer long section of the riverfront. PWL worked in partnership with MCM China, a Beijing based representative office.

2003年,天津市诚邀PWL景观建筑有限公司为海河沿岸一段三公里长的区域起草设计方案。PWL公司与MCM建筑规划设计事务所——驻中国北京办事处进行合作。

Tianjin and the Haihe River have fascinating and nuanced histories. Notably, as a result of relatively recent colonial occupation, one can see a strong European influence in the city’s built form. The section of riverfront under redevelopment was originally part of the German quarter.

天津和海河有着迷人而微妙的历史。值得一提的是,由于天津在近代受到殖民者的侵占,我们可以看到天津的建筑形式上有着浓厚的欧洲色彩。海河沿岸这块将被重新开发的地块,起初是德国占领地中的一部分。

Early visits to the site were not inspiring. Like many North American cities, Tianjin had neglected its riverfront. The river itself was noticeably polluted and heavily used as a commercial shipping route.

如果你早期来这里参观,不会觉得这里多么的迷人。和北美的许多城市一样,天津的河岸地区通常得不到重视。过去,河流自身污染严重,而且由于被用作商船航线,河流被过度使用。

The final design included a series of cantilevered promontories organized at street ends and at intermediate intervals along the river back. These promontories punctuated the river’s edge and provided more generous gathering spaces and seating areas with views out over the river. In many cases, the waterfront walkways were higher than the adjoining streets and properties that flanked the riverfront, creating challenges for accessibility and views. As the width of the park varied from only 15m to 30m, this became the primary design challenge. The parkway’s broad multi-use path that would serve large numbers of cyclists and pedestrians was primarily located along the upper platform where views of the river are best. More direct connection to the river was provided with platforms and terraced areas just above water level.

最终的设计方案确定:在街道两端和沿河背地区修建悬臂式海岬,其中河背地区的各海岬之间将留有一定的间隔。这些海岬穿插在河流两岸,为人们提供了更广阔的聚集场所和休息区。在聚集场所和休息区,人们可以俯瞰到河流的全景。在许多情况下,滨水路比河岸附近毗邻的街道和房屋要高,这样就为人们来到河边,欣赏河流的全景,带来不便。公园的宽度在设计上从15米到30米,这也是设计中一个大的挑战。林荫道上宽阔的多用途小径深受大量的自行车爱好者和行人的欢迎。小径主要沿上方的河岸平台修建,在平台上,游人可以观赏到河流最美的景色。通过水面上方的平台和阶梯,人们能够更加直接地来到河边。

Locally-available materials that were workable by capable craftspeople were selected. Excessive variety of detailing is a common problem in modern Chinese landscapes, and so the focus was placed on a restrained and continuous pattern of forms, shapes, and patterns that would provide a simple and enduring structure to the riverfront.

该项目采用了可供工匠们使用的当地现有材料。过多的各种各样的细节是现代中国景观中的普遍存在的一个问题,所以该项目将重点放在一种有限且连贯的模式的设计上。这种模式包括形式、形状和图案,该模式将为河边地区提供一个简易而持久的结构。

13.             KEELUNG PORTTAIWAN (2003-2009)

基隆港——台湾(2003-2009)

Keelung is the port of Taipei, the capital of the island of Taiwan. Located 30 km to the north of the capital, it is one of the most important container ports in Asia.  Keelung has all the vitality of a major port, with one of, the most bustling night-time markets in the Far East and an extensive and multifarious central commercial area adjoining the port. The city nevertheless bears the traces of rapid economic growth. Its principal transportation infrastructures —roads, railway lines, and the port itself— continue to limit the creation of quality public spaces of in the downtown area.

基隆港是台湾岛首府台北的一座海港,位于台北以北30公里处,是亚洲最重要的集装箱港口之一。基隆拥有成为一座主要港口的所有潜质:这里有远东最热闹的夜市之一,并且与一块广阔而繁杂的中央商业区毗邻。然而,快速的经济增长给城市留下了痕迹。城市中主要的交通基础设施——道路、铁路专用线和港口本身都继续对市中心的优质公共空间的创建起到了限制作用。

 In the light of this, the authorities invited projects as part of the plan to create new ‘Gateways’ in Taiwan, oriented toward defining the interaction between the port and the city. In fact, the fundamental issue to be resolved by the various projects drawn up during the different phases of the competition and in the subsequent construction scheme was how to identify the characteristics of a new central public space for the city with which the citizens of Keelung could identify. Historically, Asian cities have a strong tradition of use of the public space and a dynamic inside-outside relationship that has generated numerous instances of cities, neighbourhoods and residential or commercial sectors of great urbanity. However, the economic development of recent years seems to have oriented urban development toward public spaces more in line with the American model, based on the habitability of air-conditioned interior spaces or urban mobility based on the car that makes the car park one of the fundamental interchanges in urban life. This makes it difficult to identify significant urban spaces created in the last few years that respond to the traditional dynamic occupation of the public space. In Keelung is seeing the start of another process that is already present in most American, European and Australian cities, in which the port-city interaction is redefined in the interests of a greater public use of port spaces. In this way the historic port zones, which are normally in the proximity of central urban places, are ceded by the port to the city as a site for leisure and commercial uses, sports ports and even hotel and residential zones. Darling Harbour in Sydney, the Port of Boston or Port Vell in Barcelona are examples of such transformations.

为此,政府把该项目作为创建台湾新门户计划的一部分,使其以港口与城市之间的互动为导向。事实上,在设计方案竞标不同阶段完成的各种项目设计方案以及后期的施工方案里,亟待解决的基本问题是:如何确立新的城市中央公共空间的特征,并使该特征为基隆市民所识别。从历史上看,亚洲的城市在建造时,有一种浓厚的传统形式,即利用公共空间极其富有活力的内外关系。许多城市、居民区、住宅或带有浓厚都市气息的商业区都是在这样的传统方式下建造而成。但是,基于装有空调设备的建筑内部的宜居性,或鉴于汽车使得停车场成为都市生活中重要的换乘空间这一事实所带来的都市流动性,近年来的经济发展似乎将都市开发更多地定位在了效仿美国模式的公共空间上。上述定位使得人们难以识别近年来所创建的、符合传统公共空间设计动感理念的重要都市空间。基隆正见证着另一城市开发进程的开始,而这些进程已经在美国、欧洲、澳洲大多数城市启动;在这一进程中,港口与城市的交互关系意味着让更多的市民享受港口公共空间。以这种方式,通常位于城市中心附近的历史港区就由港口划归给城市,并作为休闲区、商业区、体育休闲区、酒店区和住宅区用地。悉尼的达令港、波士顿港以及巴塞罗那的威尔港,都是这种转变下的例子。

14.             Southeast False Creek

东南福溪可持续社区

The Southeast False Creek (SEFC) Neighborhood is one of Canada’s leading sustainable communities and Vancouver's first comprehensive sustainable neighborhood development.  At approximately 32 hectares it will provide a mix of land uses, be home to 10,000 – 12,000 people in market and non-market housing, and demonstrate exemplary practices in energy and water conservation, innovative infrastructure practices and transit oriented development.

东南福溪(SEFC)住宅区是加拿大首屈一指的可持续社区,同时也是温哥华首个综合性的可持续社区开发项目。项目竣工后,面积约32万平方米的综合用地将涵盖一个可容纳10 000-12 000人的商业和非商业居民区,使其成为能源和水资源保护、创新基础设施,改造型开发项目的最佳示范。

Waterfront Park - Phase 1 represents the first phase of SEFC’s primary park and open space system and a 650-meter extension of Vancouver’s iconic seawall. Through walkways, bicycle paths, diverse seating and gathering areas the park provides a variety of vital green spaces that will reconnect people with the heritage-rich waterfront and offer unique and memorable experiences unlike any other in Vancouver.

水滨公园一期是东南福溪公园和绿地系统工程中的一期工程,同时该工程阶段将建成一段650米长的温哥华标志性海堤。借助于行人道、自行车道、多元化休息区,公园为人们提供了各式各样、充满生机活力的绿色空间,让游人能够和独具风韵的滨水地区零接触,并为他们提供了温哥华其它地方无法给予的独特而难忘的经历享受。

The waterfront design aesthetic reflects the intersection between the site’s industrial legacy and the desire for a sustainable, contemporary urban park. An array of imaginative, universally accessible social spaces combine with various design elements to honour the site’s shipbuilding heritage, including a ‘canoe-shaped’ pedestrian bridge crossing a small inlet. Along with the stormwater management and plantings seen throughout the park, the inlet features sentinel lights that line the inlet and are fitted with special panels to prevent light pollution, and custom litter receptacles have solar-powered compacters to reduce the number of vehicle trips required to service them.

该滨水设计方案中的美学理念一方面考虑了该基地是工业遗址,另一方面考虑了该设计致力于建成一座可持续发展的现代都市公园。一系列融入了多元设计要素、富有想象力、四通八达的公共空间,包括横越小水湾的独木舟状的人行天桥,用来纪念该基地的造船业历史。 除了公园里随处可见的泄洪管理设施外,小水湾两旁立着成行的定点照明灯,并装有特殊的面板,防止光污染;定制垃圾桶中的压缩器利用太阳能电池板供电,将垃圾压缩,以减少垃圾清运次数。

Waterfront Park – Phase 1 completes the existing waterfront promenade and bike lanes found throughout the False Creek and Downtown Vancouver areas. This innovative project demonstrates that environmentally sensitive design is completely at home in a dense residential and commercial neighborhood and shines even brighter when layered with historical references, social spaces, and recreational opportunities.

水滨公园一期项目建成了现有的、贯穿于福溪地区和温哥华市区的滨水漫步道和自行车车道。该富有创造力的项目表明,环境敏感设计完全适用于高密度的住宅区和商业区,并且若能将历史、社交、娱乐休闲融入其中,就更能凸显其魅力。

15.             Stassfurt

斯塔斯福特

Stassfurt gained significance with salt mining at the end of the 19th century. Later, the town was to pay a high price for this. Water penetrated the salt mines, dissolved the salt, and the cavities collapsed. The historic city has sunk by approximately 6.30 metres. Within the scope of the International Building Exhibition Urban Redevelopment IBA 2010, Stassfurt explored its theme of “Giving up the Old centre” with the aim of giving its lost town centre a new, fit-for-purpose image while at the same time finding strategies for the preservation of memories.

19世纪末,斯塔斯福特因盐矿开采而闻名于世。但是后来,斯塔斯福特市为这一行为付出了高昂的代价。海水淹没盐矿、盐被溶解,岩盐溶腔坍塌。这一历史名城因此下沉了近6.3米。紧抓国际建筑展2010IBA市区重建这一机会,斯塔斯福特进行了主题为放弃旧中心的探索,旨在为其所失去的城市中心打造一个合适的全新形象,同时找出保存遗迹的策略。

The creation of an artificial lake in the place that was once the site of the medieval centre of Stassfurt commemorates its total collapse due to irresponsible exploitation of potash mines in its subsoil. An area, marks the former church tower, the so-called leaning tower, that was Stassfurt’s symbol for over a 500 years. A brownfield has been planted with cherry trees, which could be removed again if the site were to be built upon.

在曾是斯塔斯福特中世纪城市中心上建立的人工湖,是用来纪念由于对底土中的钾盐矿不负责任的开发所导致的城市中心的坍塌。教堂塔,就是所谓的斜塔,是具有五百多年历史的斯塔斯福特的城市地标,位于该区域。原开发地上种有樱桃树,若要在该地块上进行建设,必须再次拔除樱桃树。

16.             Seeplatz Wetter

斯博拉茨

The "Seeplatz" on Harkort Lakeside is the central public space of the city “Wetter (Ruhr)”.  At this place the town “Wetter” presents itself to the residents and guests of the Ruhr valley as a loveable city on the river. For the special situation of the square between the city and the lake a multifunctional urban stage was developed. The wooden deck is the terrace and the figurehead of the city. Here the city “Wetter” clearly opens itself to the lake, events can be celebrated, people are invited to go for a walk or rest on a bench watching the coming and going.

哈考特湖滨景观上的斯博拉茨是鲁尔地区威特市的中央公共区。在这里,鲁尔河谷的当地居民和游客都可以欣赏到鲁尔镇这座惹人喜爱的河上之城的美丽风光。由于斯博拉茨广场的特殊位置——位于城市与湖泊的中间地带,因此这里被开发出一个多功能城市空间。湖边的木栈道状若梯田,如果把鲁尔城比作一条大船,那么这些木栈道就如同船头的艏饰像。在这里,鲁尔城与湖水紧密相连,人们可以在此举行盛事,也可以漫步湖边,或者是择席而坐,看着来来往往的旅行者。

The square is paved throughout at ground level. The surface was fitted to the existing topography. A uniform slope to the bank emphasizes the open water area of the lake. The riverside walks are fast asphalt paths that are most suitable for inline skating, cycling or walking. The central route between the city and lake is transformed into a pedestrian promenade.

广场的地面被铺成与地面一平的高度。地面与当地的地形相一致。一个向河岸均匀倾斜的斜坡凸显了湖泊中的开放水域。河边的漫步道是一条条轻快地沥青小路,这样的小路最适合轮滑、骑自行车或散步。位于城市与湖泊之间的中央通道则被改造成步行长廊。

The lakeside terrace is the main target, viewing and lounge area of the square. Parallel to the water's edge, there is huge wood deck. In its center are two seating objects. The bench elements are developed in a soft momentum in the form of a bulge of the wooden deck. Their supporting elements are also used to integrate the lighting effects. The existing trees form the basis of the planning. Due to selective replanting or felling of trees, the intended spatial impact will be significantly strengthened.

湖边的阶地则是游人主要的去处,人们可以在那里欣赏风景,也可把那里当做广场的休息区。与湖边平行的地方,是一块巨大的木栈道。在木栈道的中央,有两个坐席。设计师采用一种柔和过渡的方式将长椅设计成木栈道上自然的凸起。支撑长椅的元素也被运用到设计当中,以便与灯光效果浑然一体。景区整个的规划以原有的树木为基础。由于对树木进行了选择性的重植和砍伐,人为营造的空间效果将会大大加强。

17.             《幼儿园建筑》序言

Kindergartens around the world have changed greatly in recent decades. Fast growing group sizes combined with tightened building budgets can turn a new kindergarten quickly into a nonfunctional growing and working environment. This causes many challenges for architects and designers.

近几十年来,世界各地的幼儿园发生了巨大的变化。儿童群体数量的快速增长、建筑预算紧张,这些很快就会使得一座新建幼儿园无法正常运作。这给建筑师和设计师们带来了诸多挑战。

Construction of large learning facilities is a rising trend. In these huge community centers a child could spend almost 15 years of his life, moving from kindergarten to primary school, secondary school, and even up to high school. Designing these large community centers our challenge is to preserve the scale of small children and at the same time allow efficient utilization of the premises for all the different types of adult user groups after the school days. During planning and budgeting learning environments universal adaptability, versatility, efficiency and economic maintenance are emphasized and children’s desires and needs are easily overlooked or even forgotten.

建造大型学习场所的趋势不断上升。在大型的教学中心,一个孩子可以度过15年的时光 ,从幼儿园到小学,到中学,甚至再到高中。在设计这些大型教学中心时,我们所面临的挑战是:将年幼儿童的数量控制在一定范围内,同时努力使所有不同年龄段的成人用户能够在教学后有效利用这些场所。在规划学习环境和对其进行预算中,普遍适应性、多功能性、效率和保持低开销是重点;而在这一过程中,孩子们的愿望和需求很容易被忽视,甚至被遗忘。

Flexibility of spaces has rapidly become an important part of the day-care planning; generic rooms should be easily shared and combined to serve different purposes during the day. This poses its own challenges to furnishing, acoustics, building services etc. Also integration of children with special needs in normal kindergarten groups is booming, so all spaces must be accessible, extra safe and functional. These integrated groups should also have small shared spaces, to which a special child is able to go to calm down and to do his own chores and exercises.

空间的灵活性迅速成为了日托规划中的重要部分;普通房间应该被设计成方便共同使用、方便组合的,以便满足日间不同的用途所需。这样的设计要求给装饰、声效、建筑设施等带来了挑战。此外,普通幼儿园中有特殊需求的孩子越来越多,所以所有空间都必须方便使用、格外地安全和实用。这些相连的房间应该有一个共用的小空间,以便有特殊需求的孩子能够到里面静静地做自己的事。

Every now and then every child needs his own privacy and peace during their kindergarten day, but at the same time design solutions should not restrict socializing with other children nor degrade controllability. Relationship between open and enclosed spaces must always be thought closely. One of the most important duties of a kindergarten is to develop children's social skills, so we should pay extra attention to shared spaces such as a dining hall, a sports hall, workshop rooms, playground areas etc.

虽然每个孩子白天在幼儿园里有时都会需要个人的空间和安静的环境,但设计方案不能限制孩子们与他人的交往,同时也不能放松对孩子们的看管。开放和封闭的空间应当是密切相连的。幼儿园的一个重要职责就是培养孩子们的社交能力,所以我们要格外重视公共空间的设计,如餐厅、体育馆、工作室、运动场等。

Kindergarten’s principal aim is to be a stimulating, safe and familiar “second home”, where a child can grow up and develop with peace of mind. Rapidly evolving technology solutions and changing trends of pedagogy offer us new possibilities to resolve these planning challenges, as well as develop new ways of thinking. From architect's point of view, key challenge for us is to attract adults to understand the importance of high-quality learning environment, whose meaning to our societies can not be overestimated.

幼儿园的主要目标就是将其打造成一个安全、熟悉、能够激励孩子的地方,使其成为孩子们的第二个家,在那里孩子们身心都能够得到成长和发展。快速发展的技术解决方案和不断变化的教育趋势,为我们解决规划中具有挑战性问题、开发出新的思维方式提供了新的可能。从建筑师的角度看,我们所面临的关键性挑战就是,让成年人能够理解高质量学习环境的重要性,因为这样的学习环境对我们的社会具有不可低估的意义。

18.             Dragen’ Children’s House

龙心幼儿园

The integrated kindergarten is one of the first in Denmark to be built and certified as a passive house, which means that its energy consumption, and thereby its CO2 footprint, has been drastically reduced. The project largely uses materials with the Nordic Swan Ecolabel, certifying that they impose a minimal environmental load.

该幼儿园是第一家在丹麦建立和取得认证的综合幼儿园,同时也是一座超低能源建筑。超低能源即节能,因此能够极大地减少二氧化碳排放量。工程施工中大多采用带有北欧白天鹅生态标签的建筑材料,以确保将建筑材料对环境的污染缩减到最小。

The low energy consumption is achieved via increased insulation, dense constructions, well-regulated ventilation and highly efficient heat recycling. The building is so well insulated that the children's activities can cause the temperature in the rooms to rise.

通过改善保温设施、致密的结构、管理规范的通风设施和高效的热量回收系统,能源的低消耗得到了保证。由于建筑保温效果好,所以孩子们在室内的活动也会使室温上升。

The actual construction process was carried out in as sustainable a manner as possible. Environmentally harmful materials were rejected, while the energy consumption involved in the building process was minimised by utilising prefabricated elements with brief assembly times.

实际的施工过程最大程度地贯彻了可持续发展的理念。有害于环境的材料,一律不加以采用。在施工过程中,通过使用装配简洁的预制组件,能源的消耗被降低到了最小程度。

19.             Drasenhofen Kindergarten

德拉森霍芬幼儿园

Through a tight integration of the building in the site and transformation of the flat roof into a useful greenspace, the relatively massive construction of the Kindergarten is reduced to visually pleasing dimensions, avoiding a competitive position against the church.

通过对该地的建筑物进行紧密的整合以及将屋顶平台改造为一块具有使用价值的绿地,幼儿园建设这项相对庞大的建设工程被缩减到视觉愉悦的范围内,这样也避免了在地理位置上与教堂的竞争。

With the exception of the multi-purpose room, the kindegarten is a barrier-free construction at ground level: compact and cost-efficient yet functional and energetic. The complete plantation of the roof maximizes the green spaces available to the children.

除了多用途房间外,该幼儿园在建设上贯彻了地面无障碍的建筑理念:结构紧凑、经济高效、实用且充满活力。屋顶上完整的植物种植最大限度地为孩子们提供了可用的绿色空间。

The Kindergarten is accessed from south; Over a sunny, energetic, orange-colored porch, which serves also as an ideal shelter for stawlers and scooters, the central hall is reached. In plan, the hall resembles a cross, stretched southwards. The main axis provides the entrance to the building and a beautiful view over the historical heart of Drasenhofen.The cross-axis, serves as the east-west connection.

幼儿园的入口位于南边;穿过一个充满阳光与活力的橙色走廊,便可到达中央大厅,同时走廊也是存放婴儿车和儿童滑板车的理想场所。计划上,大厅将被建成十字交叉形,向南延伸。沿着主轴线,便可来到幼儿园的入口处,也可以观看到德拉森霍芬史上中心的美丽景色。交叉形的轴线,将幼儿园的东西两边连接起来。

The group spaces are subdivided into different functional-areas with built-in elements amongst which the tower, rising all the way to the upper floor, is the most distinctive.

组合空间被内嵌元素划分成不同功能区;在这些元素里,塔直耸至顶部楼层,是最为特殊的。

At the bottom of the tower lies the story-telling chamber where a carpet-covered bench running on the periphery of the room invites children to listen. Diffuse lighting and acoustical insulation help create a cosy and meditative atmosphere. On top of the tower a dollhouse and a miniature appartment are arranged.

在塔的底部是一间故事屋,屋里铺有毡毯的长凳一直延展到房间的尽头,小朋友可以坐在长凳上听故事。漫射的照明光和隔音墙营造出一种温馨而宁静的氛围。在塔的顶部,是一间玩具屋和一间小型公寓。

The theater stage, inspires children with new ideas for games. Small performances organized and carried out by children, help enrich and enliven the daily routine of the kindergarten. The stage also serves as an additional play platform.

剧院的舞台能够激发孩子们在游戏中捕捉到新想法。孩子们编排和表演的各种小节目,丰富和活跃了孩子们在幼儿园的日常生活。舞台也可以作为额外的游戏平台来使用。

The building is equipped with passive house HVAC technologies to reduce heat loss due to ventilation. The optimal insulation of the envelope and use of air-tight triple glazed windows in children's rooms increase comfort and help achieve low-energy standards.    

大楼中采用超低能源房屋中的暖通空调技术,以减少由于通风而导致的热量损失。大楼良好的保温外层和儿童房中的三层玻璃窗使房间更加舒适,同时也有助于实现低能耗的标准。

The architecture of Drasenhofen kindergarten seeks to inspire children, widen their horizons and contribute to their future as free spirited, creative and well-bred members of the society.

德拉森霍芬幼儿园的建筑风格旨在激发孩子们的灵感、拓宽孩子们的视野,努力把孩子们培养成有助于其未来发展、思想自由、富有创造力、有教养的社会成员。

20.             Hafencity School

港口新城幼儿园

The school by the Sandtorpark is the first public building in the newly emerging Hafencity and part of the urban, dense city quarter. As a result of the scarce property the "hybrid" building with further day care center, after-school care and canteen for all three units was planned as a compact and space-efficient building. Apart from the unusual five floor arrangement, the new building takes an unconventional approach on free spaces and further integrates the gymnasium into the cubature in order to create an energetically sensible volume. The "On top of the roof playground" planned for the Hafencity school turned into a wildly discussed topic during the election campaigns in Hamburg and finally resulted in enthusiastic approval. The architectural concept arranges the school's space allocation plan around a central atrium which exposes not only the adjoining rooms with their hallways but also the assembly hall. The atrium establishes short paths and good orientation while the classrooms and the gym can be looked into through large openings. The playfully slanting window embrasures strike the onlooker in the entire building. They were used as a subtle element to distinguish the building's different, cheerful use from the many office and residential buildings in the area. Handling material and color was an important matter in this project which was carefully coordinated. Conceptually, the school's public areas are kept in strong colors, while hallways and classrooms consciously renounce color as these are automatically added by the user. The exterior facade consists of light danish bricks in beige and grey tones which harmonizes with the exposed concrete used in the building. The building ensemble was certified with the gold Hafencity environmental label which prices projects with outstanding sustainability.

Sandtorpark附近的这家幼儿园是该新兴的港口新城中第一座公共建筑,同时也是该市密集区的一部分。由于财产紧缺,所以该幼儿园被建为一座“混合型”建筑,集日间看护、课后看护和餐饮服务为一体,这样的建筑形式紧凑且节省空间。该建筑不仅是比较罕见的五层式布局,而且在自由空间的设置上采用了非常规的方法,并整合了体育馆,使其呈立方状,使其空间动感、合理。港口新城幼儿园计划建造的天台操场,在汉堡的竞标活动中成为了一个热门的讨论话题,最终使得批准过程极为高涨。根据建筑设计理念,幼儿园的空间分配平面图安排在中央门廊的附近,在中央门廊中,可以清楚地看到带有独自走廊的几个相邻房间以及礼堂。门廊方位良好,且里面修有若干条短小的路径,透过门廊中宽敞的开放空间,可以看到幼儿园的教室和健身房。整个大楼中有趣的倾斜窗洞,格外引人注目。这些不太起眼儿的窗洞将该幼儿园与这一地区的许多办公大楼和住宅楼区分开来,凸显出幼儿园多用途的特点。材料与颜色的选用是工程中的重要环节,需仔细协调。依据建筑理念,幼儿园中的公共区域,色彩鲜明;而在走廊与教室的颜色设计上,则会有意避开强烈的色彩,因为幼儿园的使用者能够自然而然地为其增添色彩。大楼的外墙由米灰色的、轻巧的丹麦方砖建造而成,这种砖块与暴露在大楼外面的混凝土相得益彰。该建筑群因其独特的可持续性而被授予“金色新城环保”的称号。

21.             Kiga egg

埃格幼儿园

The newly added building defines the west side of the square, but opens itself to the play garden in the south, while a protecting wall shields the children from the heavy traffic of the parking lot.

该新建幼儿园为西边广场划清了界限,而幼儿园自身则朝向南边的游乐场,防护墙则将孩子们与停车场中繁杂的车辆隔离开来,保护了孩子们的安全。

Two group rooms with dedicated coatrooms are situated along the central corridor of the ground floor. In order to prevent the south-oriented glass façade to generate an unwanted greenhouse effect, it is shaded by a robust framed construction that includes a wooden platform and defines the view from the street. Creating a portal, it lavishly spans the access path and clearly links it to the kindergarten. Situated to the north are adjoining rooms, the office of the head of the kindergarten, a group room and an exercise room. The exposed concrete of the screening wall reappears inside, such as in the corridors. L-shaped wall elements support the reinforced concrete floor, which also provides a reliable sound insulation between the floors. The playrooms are paneled with birch plywood, which creates a warm-colored background for a lively and colorful crowd of children. The upper floor, only about half the size of the ground floor, juts out on the east side over the access path and shields both the entrance to the kindergarten as well as the one to the upper floor. The high, closed front, together with the wall, is fully capable of standing up to the vis-à-vis across the parking lot. At the same time, a change of the volumes constitutes an architectural and dynamic upgrade of the entrance. The upper floor houses a small foyer, adjoining rooms and the rehearsal room, which is shared by the brass ensemble of Egg and the “Bregenzerwald” choir. It requires only a few simple steps to adjust the sound absorption behavior of the birch plywood wall and ceiling panels to actual needs. The floor has been laid with rough sawn fir wood planks, whose acoustic properties have also been taken into account. One wide ribbon glazing at the north front lights the room naturally, while preventing heating-up caused by solar radiation. Thus, a few succinct features embody a smart reconciliation of architecture and user requirements.

两个带有精致衣帽间的多人房间位于中央走廊的第一层。为了防止朝南的玻璃墙产生不必要的温室效应,一个带有木质平台的坚固框架结构将玻璃外墙遮挡住,在平台上也可观看到街道上景色。幼儿园的入口足以跨过小路通道,直通幼儿园。园长办公室位于大楼的北侧,是两个相邻房间:一个多人办公间,一个健身房。大楼内部的一些建筑,如楼内的走廊,采用和遮板墙相同的材料——露石混凝土。L形的墙体支撑着由钢筋混凝土建成的楼层地面,同时还起到了在两层楼之间隔音的作用。游戏室中镶嵌有桦木胶合板,这样的设计为活泼可爱的孩子们营造出一种暖色调的室内背景。大约只有楼下面积一半大小的上层楼,从东面入口的上方向外突出,遮挡住了幼儿园的入口和上方楼层。高耸的封闭式的建筑物的正面和墙体完全挡住了对面的停车场。同时,通过改变幼儿园大门的大小,不断完善了幼儿园大门的建筑风格和外部动态效果。上方楼层建有小的休息室、相邻的独立房间和由埃格铜管乐队和布雷根茨沃尔德唱诗班共享的彩排室。只需简单的几步操作,便可将桦木胶合板墙以及顶棚天花板的吸音性能调整到实际需要。考虑到杉木的声学特性,幼儿园内的地板选取了粗糙的成型杉木为材料。北边的一个宽阔玻璃条板为房间带来自然的光线,同时还避免了太阳辐射所带来的室温升高。因此,该幼儿园中这些简单明了的特点体现了建筑构架需求和建筑使用者需求的巧妙结合。

22.             Kindergarten and Nursery Jarun

亚伦湖幼儿园、托儿所

The kindergarten and nursery in Zagreb's Jarun quarter was conceived as a combination of optimal function, accessibility, transparency, openness and strong connections between exterior and interior spaces as well as to the site itself. The facility provides space for 10 educational groups and the requisite admininstrative spaces and overlooks Jarun Lake around which the neighbourhood began developing in the 1980's.

该幼儿园位于萨格勒布的亚伦湖地区,幼儿园在设计构思上,考虑了大楼的最佳功能性、实用性、透明度以及开放性,同时结合了幼儿园内外空间之间与大楼所在地的连接性。大楼中共有10间教室以及必要的行政办公区。在大楼中,可俯瞰到亚伦湖的景色。八十年代时,亚伦湖周边地区开始得以开发。

The site has a dominant east-west alignment with access from the northeast and northwest which implied a linear building with south and southeast orientation as an ideal typology. The micro-urbanistic basis is a network of the pedestrian connections between the eastern and western edges of the site and the 3 entrance each of which is dedicated to a particular function: nursery, kindergarten and housekeeping /administration respectively. The ˝break˝ in the volume was determined by macrourban conditions, namely, the position and orientation of nearby buildings as well as functional considerations. The west wing houses technical and adminstrative services while the central facilities are located in the east wing. The south side of the site is dedicated to a spacious playground and learning gardens.

大楼的布局排列主要以东西为走向,入口位于大楼的东北和西北方向。这样的建筑布局意味着该幼儿园是一座以南和东南方向为最佳朝向的条带状建筑。这种微都市化理念的基础是:将该地区的东西边缘与3个入口连接起来的人行步道网。这三个入口的服务功能各不相同:分别为托儿所、幼儿园、家政/管理服务中心。该建筑群空间的断层是由宏都市环境,即附近建筑群的位置、朝向和功能决定的。尽管大楼中的主要设施位于东厢房,而西厢房才是幼儿园的教学、行政办公区。大楼的南面是一个宽敞的操场和几个能够在里面学习的花园。

The building is comprised of three interconnected fragments: the ground floor for the nursery, the kindergarten units on both the ground and first floors and the technical and administrative rooms organised around a housekeeping yard on the west side. On the ground floor, between the 3 nursery and 7 kindergarten units, a multi-purpose hall is situated which can function either as a room or can be extended to the foyer as well as the outdoors during major events. Direct contact to the exterior is accomplished by enabling each unit to open completely onto sheltered terraces on the ground floor and deep canopied balconies on the first floor on warm days. On the first floor of south side two spacious terraces are directly connected by stairs to the playground.

大楼由三个相互连通的区域构成:一层中的托儿所、一层和二层中的幼儿园部分以及大楼西侧家政园区附近的教学和行政区。在一层的3个托儿所和7个幼儿园之间,是一个多功能大厅。在举办大型活动时,该大厅即可既可作为活动场地,也可被扩大至门厅和门外处。与户外的零接触通过以下方式实现:让每一个单元向第一层楼层的隐蔽阶梯完全敞开;让每一个单元在暖和的时候向第二层楼层深陷的带遮蔽物的阳台完全敞开。通往操场的楼梯,将南边第二层楼上的两个宽阔露台直接连接起来。

The linear volume, which allows for optimal functionality, is enhanced by these terraces and canopies, the morphing roof and the rhythm of the openings all of which decode the function of the interior spaces. These main features are further emphasized through the choice materials such as aluminium, glass, linoleum and brightly coloured Trespa plates which, in turn, enable the main users, children, to experience the quality of the spaces and have an almost tactile relationship with the architecture.

大楼的线型体积使大楼的功能发挥到最佳程度,而这些露台、天蓬、形状奇特的屋顶、开放空间的分布完善了大楼的线型体积,同时也使内部空间的功能得到充分发挥。材料的选择,如铝、玻璃、油毡纸和色彩明亮的千丝板的选择,进一步体现了大楼的这些主要特点。这样的做法反过来又使大楼的主要使用者——儿童,能够体验到这座大楼的高品质,并且几乎能够使孩子们实实在在地与该大楼相接触。

23.             Kindergarten and Nursery SRDOČI

SRDOCI幼儿园&托儿所

By integrating the building into the existing terrain of typical karst landscape of Rijeka's 'hinterland', a direct contact with the external greenery was achieved. The concept was derived from the idea of transparency and the flow of light, the interpenetration of inner and outer space through the transparent facade, tubular skylights and roof gardens. Users are invited to enjoy scents of the aromatic Mediterranean herbs, whereas the growth of vegetation and seasonal vicissitudes create an ever-changing and eye-pleasing image of 'living' garden.

通过巧妙地将大楼融与里月卡“腹地” 这一典型的卡斯特景观相结合,人们便可与外部的绿色植物零接触。这一建筑理念源于从光线的透明度与流动性以及贯穿透明外墙、管状天窗和屋顶花园的内外空间之间的相互渗透性中所获得的灵感。人们在幼儿园中可以尽情享受地中海香草的诱人香味,然而,植物的不断生长以及季节的变迁为幼儿园营造出一片变化万千、赏心悦目的“活”花园的景象。

24.             Kindergarten in Paris

巴黎幼儿园

In the Olympiades quarter, the reconstructed kindergarten stands out like a gleaming toy amidst the neighbouring towers and blocks. It is part of the re-evaluation of a dense, functional and mixed urban planning project built in the 1960s and 70s. In this very lively district, the City of Paris is implementing a project involving property consolidations and redescriptions of exterior spaces.

一座幼儿园经过重新改造,像一座耀眼玩具城矗立在奥林匹亚地区。在幼儿园的周围,高塔、楼群林立。这是一个密集的、功能齐全的混合城市规划项目,建于20世纪六、七十年代,现在该幼儿园是对这一城市规划项目重新评估中的一项。在这个热闹的地区,巴黎市正在实施一个项目,该项目涉及物业改造和外部空间的重新规划。

The school, dwarfed by the surrounding towers, will play its role in this context, by enhancing the image of a public amenity and countering the overwhelming presence of the surrounding buildings and the omnipresence of concrete.

与周围的高塔相比,幼儿园显得微不足道。但是,在整个工程项目中,幼儿园将通过改善公共设施的外观、抵消周围稠密的建筑群和随处可见的混凝土建筑,以此来发挥其自身的作用。

It’s a sophisticated toy: it was necessary to fill in a swimming pool, move a bowling alley, pierce floors and create openings, to enlarge the school downwards through the concrete slab and give it a street-level entrance. In short, an extension by excavation.

这是一项复杂的工程:工程需填平游泳池、移走保龄球馆、打穿地面、开发出户外空间,通过搭建混凝土厚板扩大幼儿园地下空间,并修建一个与街道面持平的入口。简言之,即通过开发地下空间来扩大幼儿园。

The building’s envelope is a response to several environmental aims: visual protection, increased natural light to counteract the surrounding solar screens, no thermal bridges, natural ventilation and double flux in winter. This school is the first to comply with the City of Paris’s climate plan.

出于环保为目的,大楼的外表注重视觉的保护材料,加强自然光以抵消周围的太阳能屏幕,无需安装热桥,自然通风,冬季时会有双倍的通风量。该幼儿园是第一个符合巴黎城市规划的建筑物。

The result is a thick façade with varied reliefs – bay, alcove, and concave windows – which are used horizontally on the roof as skylights and to house air treatment machinery and ventilation chimneys.

幼儿园厚厚的外墙上建有各种各样的浮雕——湾、壁龛、凹窗——在屋顶上水平分布,被用作天窗,以保护室内空气处理机械和通风烟囱。

These multi-form strawberry-coloured elements enliven and dematerialize the façades. Their anodized aluminium cladding changes from pink to golden grey to green depending on one’s movements, point de view, the colour of the sky and reflections of nearby buildings.

这些草莓色的多功能设施使幼儿园的外墙充满生气、生动形象。随着某人的移动、视角、天空的颜色以及附近建筑物的反射,受过阳极化处理的铝包层的颜色从粉色变化到金灰色,再变化到绿色。

The atmosphere inside the school is gentle and serene. The only colours are those of the materials themselves, such as the wood of the false ceilings and the bay windows. The façade’s thickness creates a strong sense of protection and minimises outlook from neighbouring towers.

幼儿园的室内空气温和而舒缓。只有某些材料本身具有颜色,如用于建造人造天花板和海湾窗户的木材。外墙的厚度给人以强烈的保护感,并且将从附近的高塔上观看到的景色缩到最小。

The children enjoy taking over the micro-spaces generated by the façade’s thickness, using them as mini-living rooms, for reading, tea parties, hiding, etc.

厚厚的外墙上修建了一个又个微小的空间。孩子们喜欢把这些微小的空间当做迷你客厅,在里面读书、开派对、捉迷藏等。

25.             Kindergarten Robert Koch-Strasse

罗伯特·科赫大街幼儿园

The compact structure of the Kindergarten Wels is built as a passive energy-house. Due to the well-structured floor plan the object obtains a high level of clarity. The varying colours of the individual classes support the children’s orientation and increases positive identification within the groups. The serially arranged classrooms can be combined flexibly to create new and variably inhabitable spaces for the children.

威尔斯幼儿园,结构致密,是一座低能耗的建筑。结构完善的建筑平面图确保了幼儿园的高清晰度。幼儿园中的教室,颜色各不相同,这样的颜色设计增强了孩子们的方向感,有助于孩子们在教室众多的大楼内找到自己所在的教室。一个挨着一个的教室被灵活地组合在一起,为孩子们创造出新颖而又富于变化的宜居空间。

Two of the six classrooms and the nursery school are situated on the ground floor, whereas the other four group rooms and the appropriate service rooms are on the first floor. The main room of each group has a rectangular floor plan. In combination with the modular expansions, they offer numerous spatial possibilities: The cave and the gallery jut out as bay windows and offer new view angles on the garden. Their scale is adapted to the heights of the children. The terraces are situated directly in front of each classroom and establish a strong relation to the outside.

幼儿园共有六间教室,其中的两间教室同托儿所,位于大楼的底层;而其他四间教室和相应的服务室均位于一楼。每组教室中的主教室里都有一个矩形平面设计图。通过组合式的向外延伸,凹窗和走廊拥有了更大的空间:凹窗和走廊变成了凸形窗口,向外突出,同时还为人们观赏花园提供了一个新的角度。凸形窗口的规大小也正适合孩子们的身高。露台位于每间教室的正前方,与户外场所紧密相连。

The central auditorium of the kindergarten on the ground floor can be enlarged by opening the dining room and the gymnastics room. Thereby the auditorium is directly connected to the garden. Specifically arranged voids and interior glazing promote lines of sight throughout the building.

如果将餐厅和体育馆开放,幼儿园底层中的中央礼堂会宽敞许多,这样,礼堂就能够直接与花园相连。专门设计的空隙和室内玻璃拓宽了整个大楼的视野。
The main staircase is orientated towards the auditorium. Since it also functions as a library its wide steps and the light pedestal offer the children several opportunities to sit down and read.

主楼梯朝着中央礼堂。该主楼梯也作为图书馆来使用,所以孩子们可以坐在楼梯宽阔的台阶和明亮的楼梯基座上来读书。

With its heterogeneous environment the building ground provides a high-quality green space. The garden is accessible through the cloak rooms. The two exits on the first floor are linked by a bridge and are led to the garden by an exterior staircase.

多样的气候环境使大楼拥有一块优质的绿色空间。要想来到花园,需穿过衣帽间。一座架桥将一楼的两个出口连接起来。穿过出口,再经过一个外部楼梯,便可来到花园。

26.             Kindergarten Rohrendorf

Rohrendorf 幼儿园

The project is an extension to an existing kindergarten in Lower Austria. The new pavilions were placed tightly at the edge of the large garden to keep most of the garden. A new lobby links the old and new parts of the kindergarten and provides for direct access to the garden. All along the garden a multi-usable facade serves as a transition zone between inside and outside, with window-niches to be used to play by the kids from both sides; with verandas and terraces which kids can play on anytime, including places to hide, to retreat or to meet.

该项目是对目前奥地利低地地区的一家幼儿园进行扩建。新建的亭子牢固地位于大花园的边缘处,以保存花园的大部分原貌。新建的大厅将幼儿园中新建部分与原有部分连接起来,经过大厅便可直接来到花园。沿花园是一个多功能正面墙体,是幼儿园的内部和外部空间之间的过度区。外墙建有窗龛,孩子们可以从外墙的两侧进到窗龛中玩耍;孩子们任何时候都可以来到外墙的阳台和露台上玩耍,在里面或是捉迷藏或是做其他游戏。

The conceptual horizontal split of the building into the children’s scale and the urban scale is translated into volume and material: in natural wood and widely open to the garden, the children’s part is the plinth to the contextual scale of the roof-landscape, which opens the spaces to the sky and to the Southern trees through roof windows.

该建筑物在概念上的儿童分区和都市分区的水平划分被转化为实体的空间位置和材料;儿童分区位于天然森林里,向花园完全敞开,并且是屋顶景观的基座;屋顶景观使儿童分区向天空敞开并且通过屋顶天窗向南部树林敞开。

Existing old trees were to be built around since they were meant to serve as a „all for all Seasons“: best shading device in summer, leave-less in winter when they let the sun shine deep into the kindergarten.

老树被种在幼儿园的周围,因为这些树四季都能发挥作用:夏季为幼儿园遮阴、冬季由于树叶掉落能够让阳光充分射进幼儿园。

It goes without saying that the new kindergarten structure is developed as a low-energy-building. Ecological requirements are, however, balanced with issues important to the pedagogical concept of the kindergarten: the placing of the building into the landscape according to garden necessities and directions of the sun as well as the creation of differentiated spaces inside as well as between the inside and outside.

显然,从构造上讲,该新建幼儿园是一座低能建筑。然而,生态需求与幼儿园的教育理念得到了合理的协调:基于花园的要求、阳光辐射的方向、建筑物里部以及建筑物里部和外部形成的多样空间,该建筑物被置放在景观里。

27.             Kindergarten with parish hall Heilig Blut

海立希·巴鲁特教区大厅幼儿园

In the northern part of this dedicated new area the kindergarten with parish hall is arranged as an L-shaped building. The parish hall itself is located on the shorter wing of this building. This wing protrudes from the kindergarten’s building line. As such, it marks the communal entrance area and forms a spatial conclusion of the open spaces at the transition to adjacent residential areas.

在专用新区的北部,这个带有教区大厅的幼儿园被设计成一个L形的建筑。教区大厅本身位于这栋大楼中较为低矮的厢房。该厢房从幼儿园的房基线上向外突出,这样也就成为了一个公共入口,并在与附近居民区相连接的地方形成了一个开放空间。

The other wing of the building is home to the kindergarten. The respective group rooms are facing south. The Outdoor play area is in front of the building.

One enters the parish hall and kindergarten via a common porch, which is arranged as a connection between the two components. The multi-purpose room of the kindergarten is located in the northern part of the parish hall and can be connected with the entrance hall by a mobile partition wall.

大楼的另一侧则是幼儿园的所在地。幼儿园中的房间均朝南。大楼的前面是户外游乐区。通过一个作为两个空间连接部分的公共门廊,便可来到教区大厅和幼儿园。幼儿园的多功能室位于教区大厅的北部,通过一个可移动的隔断墙与大厅的入口相连。

The kindergarten is designed in a way that makes the group entities in the floor plan clearly visible. The tilted coloured walls of the storage rooms zone and bring rhythm into the hallway. Large skylights in the cloakroom areas support this rhythm and provide plenty of natural light into the central zones.

幼儿园的设计方式使该建筑群在建筑平面图上清晰可见。储藏室倾斜的彩色墙体将走廊分成几个部分,同时也为走廊带来了动感。衣帽间区域中的巨大的天窗更加为走廊增添了韵味,并为中央地区提供了充足的自然光线。

Group room and adjoining rest room are orientated towards the open space. Opposite to the other rooms the group rooms have an increased height and the circular skylights brighten the entire depth of the room with natural daylight from all directions.

多人间和与其相邻的休息室对着开放空间。教室与其他房间相对,在高度上有所增加。白天,透过圆形天窗,自然光从四面八方照射进来,把整个房间照的通亮。

Each group is assigned a concise colour in order to facilitate the children’s orientation. These leading colours are echoed in the furniture, the washrooms and the cloakroom areas, as well.

每个多人间都被粉刷成一种简单明了的颜色,以便孩子们识别方向。家具、洗手间和衣帽间的颜色与其多人间的主要颜色相一致。

The individual Group units are also clearly reflected on the facade. This is achieved on the one hand by raising the height of the group rooms and on the other hand by slightly protruding them from the facade line. Small terraces are located in front of the group rooms.

独立的多人间清晰地映照在大楼的正面墙体上:一方面,通过增加组室的高度;另一方面,通过将这些独立房间从正面墙体凸现出来。多人间的前面是几个小型露台。

The building is clad with dark red brick. The white window frames are made of wood.

大楼的表面是暗红色的砖块。窗框为白色的木质窗框。

28.             Childcare Facilities in Boulay & Piblange

Boulay & Piblange儿童日托机构

For this double project of childcare facility in Boulay and micro-nursery in Piblange, the architects have explored the great contextual freedom, by giving it a very organical shape, which is motivated by functionality and ergonomy required for this kind of building. 

该日托机构由两部分组成:一个是位于Boulay的儿童照管中心,另一个则是位于Piblange的小型托儿所。正是由于该项目包含两个部分,建筑师们对该项目周围的空间进行了考察,考虑到这种建筑所应具备的功能和工效,建筑师将该项目设计为一个有机的整体。

Thanks to the centripetal organization of the building, architects have been able to sharply reduce the hallway ratio while also improving the crossed points of view as well as the visibility which enhances children’s safety. In detail, we managed to get a hallway ratio of 11% of the usable floor space. Our space-saving is about 100m2, which also allowed us to design a building that complies with HQE(High Environmental Quality) and BB(Low Energy-Use Building) standards in France.

由于该建筑的结构为向心式,因此建筑师能够大大缩减该建筑中走廊所占的比例,并且提高了视野交叉处和可视度的效果,从而进一步保证了孩子们的安全。在具体的设计规划中,我们规定走廊所占比例为实用楼面空间的11%。按照这样的设计方案,我们将节约出100平方米的空间,这样一来,我们便能够设计出符合法国HQE(高环境质量)和BB(地能源消耗建筑)标准的建筑。

29.             Consell Kindergarten

肯塞尔幼儿园

The new Kindergarten is the extension of the School Complex “Bartomeu Ordines” in Consell, Mallorca, Spain. The project is located in the edge between the urban fabric and the countryside, in a long plot oriented on an East-West axis.

肯塞尔幼儿园是西班牙马洛卡岛肯塞尔一座学校综合楼“Bartomeu Ordines”的扩建项目。该项目位于城市与农村之间的边缘地带,有很长一段地块为东西走向。

The new building program is developed in a single storey and comprises: six classrooms for children between 3 and 5 years old, one psychomotor classroom, an administration area, a dining room (including kitchen and storage area), a vegetable garden and a common playground for all the pupils.

这座新建筑是一座单层建筑,包括:六间供35岁孩子使用的教室、一间心理教室、一个管理区、一间餐厅(包括厨房和储藏室)、一块菜园和一个供所有孩子们使用的操场。

The need of creating the main access from the Avenue, and the need to establish a pedestrian connection with the existing building, led the architects to design a building to be crossed, to be traversed. The building will be a path. Designers like thinking of this 'path' as the starting point of the project: a colourful route in zig-zag that drives us through the site while it organizes the indoor and outdoor spaces.

由于需要设置从主街进入建筑里的道路和一条与现有建筑相连的人行道,建筑师考虑设计一座可以穿越的建筑,将建筑本身作为一条路径。设计师们喜欢把这一路径视为该项目设计的出发点:设计了一条曲折而色彩丰富的路线,这条路线能够使孩子们在该建筑内玩耍,同时还将该建筑的内外空间组织在一起。

 In order to arrange the functional needs along this 'path' they developed a typology of 'classroom cluster' that connects together two classrooms (including its linked toilets and courtyards). A glazed facade oriented East opens the cluster to a private courtyard that serves as the outdoor extension of each classroom.

为了在路径沿线设置功能需求区,建筑师在设计过程中开发了一种教室群类型,这种教室群由两间相邻的教室组成(包括与其相连的卫生间和庭院)。教室群朝东,采用玻璃立面。教室群面向一个私密庭院,这个庭院成为每个教室在室外的延伸部分。

Three differentiated pavilions, each of them formed by a 'classroom-cluster' together with other program areas, are huddled close to create an in-between space, the 'path'. The roof plan clearly shows the relation between the pavilions and the 'path' using differentiated volumes.

三个差异化的亭台楼阁(每一个楼阁都是由一个教室群和其它程序区构成),簇拥在一起,便形成了中央空间——路径。该项目的屋顶平面图通过将楼阁与小路设计为不同的体积,清晰地展示了二者之间的关系。

30.             Giraffe childcare center

长颈鹿儿童看护中心

The Giraffe childcare center houses a 60 bed childcare center and 20 bed day nursery. The building has been awarded the green “zéro Energie Effinergie” label.

长颈鹿儿童看护中心设有一个拥有60个床位的幼儿中心和一个拥有20个床位的日间托儿所。该建筑已被授予绿色零能源消耗的称号。

This public building is located at the new area called “ le Trapèze”. The High density of this area gives it a rugged skyline. To be integrated into this particular urban landscape, the building is composed of three tiers. Each of the south-facing playgrounds is in continuity with the interior spaces and is identified by a unique concrete animal sculpture. Viewed from the surrounding towers, the regular sequence of terraces offers a real « fifth facade » to the neighborhood.

该建筑位于一块被名为“ le Trapèze”的新开发地区。由于这一地区的建筑物密度较高,所以该建筑的空中轮廓线看起来高低不等。为了与这一特殊的城市景观融为一体,该建筑被设计为三层。每个朝南的操场均与该建筑的内部空间相连,且每个操场上均有一个由混凝土铸成、独一无二的动物雕塑。从该建筑附近的塔楼上看去,该建筑有规律的阶台式布局与周围环境契合,形成了个院子,实现了第五立面。

The facades of the building are made out of white corrugated iron that provides a minimal background to the wild animal sculptures. The idea is to animate the urban landscape by using a child’s imagination. The wild animals appropriate the space; a giraffe appears to be peacefully eating the leaves of the trees from the neighbouring park, a polar bear tries to clamber up the steps, while a family of ladybirds climbs the façade in an attempt to reach the interior patio.

该建筑的外墙是由白色的波纹板建造而成,这种白色波纹板是野生动物雕塑的最佳背景。建筑师想通过将孩子们的想象力运用到设计中来,使该城市的景观充满生气。各野生动物雕像与周围的空间环境相得益彰:一只长颈鹿,正在安祥地吃着周围公园里树木上的叶子;一只北极熊正努力地向高处的台阶攀爬;而一窝瓢虫正爬上外墙,试图翻进院子里。

Architecture turns into storytelling. The building changes its identity and becomes a landscape in its own right, a metaphor for the urban jungle. The animals and the trees link the building to nature and motion. The giraffe has become a banner for the nursery since it is visible in the surrounding area from all angles. We walk through its legs to enter the building. Through their affable form, the lively animal sculptures invite us to live our dreams. These playful and dreamlike sculptures introduce a little bit of fantasy into the routine life of the town in order to inspire our lives with a bit of poetry.

穿插在建筑之中的野生动物雕塑让建筑改变了身份和性质,成为了都市风景线上一个梦幻的叙事者。动物雕像和树木将该建筑与自然和孩子们的活动联系起来。长颈鹿雕像已经成为该托儿所的一个标志,因为在周围地区,从各个角度都可以看到它。我们在长颈鹿的腿下穿过,进入到建筑中。各动物雕塑既和蔼可亲又生动形象,鼓励着我们追逐自己的梦想。这些有趣、梦幻般的动物雕塑为小镇的日常生活带来了一抹虚幻的色彩,我们的生活也变得富有诗意。

31.             Sansaburu Kindergarten and parking

桑萨布鲁幼儿园和停车场

Settled down on north and west side, the building opens towards the south and south-east, the most open and furthest direction from the walls, batters and staircases that give shape to the park. The diagram of arrangement works out in both floors, the entrance from north face of site and from there, the different elements are organized in two arms, hugging the court.

该幼儿园地处北部和西部,面朝南部和东南方向。在南部和东南方向最远的地方有一座公园,公园的外墙、墙体倾斜的角度和楼梯正对着这家幼儿园。幼儿园中两层楼梯采用了相同的布局框架,在幼儿园的北入口处,不同建筑元素以两个手臂的形状组建在一起,将庭院环绕起来。

The classrooms are thought to catch the sunrise, within the timetable of the nursery school. The inside of the building is thought to children´s scale. Corridors´ and classrooms´natural light is through the windows at ground level, letting to admire the outside. The internal cladding colours are warm and alive, and they give the nursery school a ludic character, that goes beyond the interior through a random arrangement of spaces in façade and the use of colour in the balcony towards Sansaburu Street and entrances of building.

在幼儿园每天开放的时间段里,早上的日出正好可以照进教室。幼儿园的内部规模被设计为适合孩子们的大小。走廊和教室里的自然光穿过窗户,洒在地面上,能够让孩子们欣赏到外面的景色。内部墙体的颜色为暖色调,充满生气。这些颜色使幼儿园看起来有些顽皮可爱,这种顽皮可爱的特点一直从幼儿园的内部延伸到幼儿园的外部,中间穿过外墙上一些随意组合的空间。直对Sansaburu街道的阳台和幼儿园的入口,均被粉刷成这种温暖的颜色。

The random arrangement of the lamps in the front entrance above the tramex-made closure works as a building lure.

幼儿园门禁上方的入口前,随意安放的照明灯成为了幼儿园一处吸引人的景色。

32.             《老年公寓建筑》序言一

Elderly care, invisibly supporting people to be part of society among generations

关爱老年人,就是在无形地支持着人们在各代人之间成为社会的一部分。

Knowledge of healthcare in different societies gives better insight and the right tools to optimize support. For example, the healthcare system in the Netherlands is known for its quality and efficiency. In the nineteen sixties elderly care was organized in elderly homes. The role of the caregiving process was very dominant in these institutions, as the care for elderly people regulated the life of the people living in these elderly homes completely.

医疗保健知识在不同的社会里均有着更好的洞察力,并为优化社会提供了正当的工具。例如,荷兰的医疗保健制度因其质量和效率而著名。在二十世纪六十年代,老年人开始在家接受护理。护理是这些机构中十分重要的一部分,因为呆在家里的老年人完全需要人来照顾他们的生活。

The last 20 years elderly care in the Netherlands has transformed to a way of supporting people to live life as normal as possible. It can be supplied in their own homes or in newly build residences in the heart of the society.

20年里,荷兰的老年护理已转变为这样一种方式:像照顾正常人一样来照顾老年人的生活。在老年人的家中或在城市中心新建的住宅里都能提供这种护理服务。

The new housing for elderly appears to be a ‘normal’ apartment featuring some intelligent extra’s and which can be easily adapted to specific needs where necessary. For instance wide doors are both convenient for normal people as necessary for people using a wheelchair. A large bathroom feels luxurious, but is also useful if you need to be supported by a care professional. But these are just examples of ‘ordinary’ issues to be concerned in the design for housing that can be used for a lifetime. Our extensive experience in designing healthcare buildings helps Dutch Health Architects to include this essential, but often invisible, quality in the design for elderly.

老年公寓在外观上看起来同正常的公寓一样,只是多了一些智能附加物,这些附加物在必要的时候能很容易地满足老年人的特殊需要。例如,宽敞的大门既方便正常人的使用所需,也方便坐轮椅的人的使用。宽敞的浴室使人感到十分奢华,但是如果你需要专业的保健护理,这样的浴室也是很实用的。但是,这些“普通的”问题都是这些将要使用一生的公寓在设计中所要关注的,这仅仅是几个例子而已。我们在设计医疗建筑方面丰富的经验,帮助荷兰医疗建筑公司在老年公寓设计中更加注重质量,因为质量十分重要但却常常被忽视。

Nursing homes have different demands because daily living has to be combined with a good working environment for the healthcare professionals. Intelligent concepts and designs like those of Dutch Health Architects are meeting both requirements at the same time.

老年公寓的需求各不相同,因为日常起居需与适合专业医疗护理的良好工作环境紧密相连。像荷兰医疗建筑公司所具有的那种智能化理念与设计,才能同时满足这两种需求。

A profound understanding of designing for all ages, combined with our knowledge and expertise in the design of working environments for healthcare professionals, helps us to ‘design for a lifetime in which care can discretely support people to remain a part of society among the generations with or without physical or psychological limitations’.

我们深知我们的设计适用于不同年龄段群体,我们拥有为医疗卫生职业工作者设计工作环境的专业知识与能力,使得我们的设计方案能够让人们受益终生,使得护理服务让不管有无生理或心理缺陷的人们都能成为社会的一部分。

33.             《老年公寓建筑》序言二

THG Architects have vast experience in designing nursing homes and service centers for elderly.

THG建筑公司在养老院和老年服务中心的设计方面有着丰富的经验。

We have also designed housing for the elderly, over 1000 housing unit have been completed and we are now working on new and interesting projects in that field.

我们也为许多老年公寓进行过设计,目前已完成设计老年公寓100多所,现在在该领域我们正致力于一项全新而有趣的项目。

With the population of elderly people growing year by year and in relation to the overall population in the world, the demand of better quality of life of elderly people is increasing and is of great importance for us, we who are in team of architects, engineers, interior designers and contractors have to be updated with the needs of the elderly today and in the future.

逐年增长的老年人口关系到世界总人口,改善老年人生活质量的需求不断增加,这种需求对我们来说十分重要。对于我们这些建筑师、工程师、室内设计师和承包商而言,一定要根据老年人在当今和未来的需求而不断完善自己。

Our goal is to create comfortable, friendly and save environment and an appropriate architecture for their sense of well-being. The domestic ambient consist of medical censors, entertainment equipment, home automation systems to ensure their autonomy and safety.

我们的目标就是创造出一种舒适、友好、安全的环境和能够为老年人带来幸福感的建筑结构。建筑内部包括医疗检查设备、娱乐设施和家庭自动化系统,以确保老年人的自由活动和安全。

The architectural design of a nursing home has to be in context with the good and up-to-date design and full fill the combination of social and private lives of the elderly, also we have to think of the needs of the visitors, the family members and friends that come to visit, make it a pleasant visit for all, should be an emotional, sensitive and variable experience.

养老院的建筑设计必须紧密结合优秀、最新的设计理念,满足老年人社会生活、私人生活这两种需求。我们也必须考虑到访客、居住者家属和朋友的需求,使所有来访者感到愉快,让他们在心情和感官上都能获得多重体验。

34.             Marnix Centre for prevention and rehabilitation

马尔尼克斯预防康复中心

Dutch Health Architects was asked by Argos Zorggorep (healthcare group) to design the Marnix Centre for Prevention and Rehabilitation, as well as to write a program of requirements. Between the writing and discussions, the spatial model was visualised. Thereafter, a meeting was held with the client to give one consolidated architectural response to both neutral and group homes; for the placement of both long-term geriatric care as well as for short-term care and rehabilitation. Including all combined healthcare and recreational services.

Argos Zorggorep(医疗集团)邀请荷兰医疗建筑公司为马尔尼克斯预防康复中心进行设计,并为其起草一份设计需求方案。经过起草设计方案和对设计方案进行讨论,建筑公司最终确定了空间设计模型。接下来,建筑方与客户召开了一次会议,对中性房屋和家庭式宿舍的建筑进行了统一规划;既有长期的安老服务,也有短期的护理和康复服务。这里包括所有综合性的医疗保健和娱乐服务。

A concept that could accommodate future adjustments. To this end, individual rooms were created for all residents overlooking a central living room. Additionally, every group of eight rooms has its own living environment with maximum functional spaces and minimal traffic areas. The enormous view from the living rooms, the pleasant atmosphere and the presence of a restaurant near the entrance all contribute to a stimulating environment, custom made for recovery. Focused on society. With a sense of belonging. With this urban plan, one can easily anticipate the many developments in the immediate area and future expansion.

该预防康复中心采用一种允许大楼在日后有所调整的设计理念。为此,所有住户在其个人房间中都可以俯瞰到中央客厅。此外,八间房间为一组,每组房间都有其独自的生活环境,均最大限度地留出功能空间,同时将交通区缩至最小范围内。从客厅向周围看到的宽阔景象、愉悦的居住氛围和大楼入口处附近的餐厅,这些共同促成了一种令人神清气爽的居住环境,而这种居住环境正是为身体的康复所设计。该预防康复中心以关注社会为宗旨,使在这里接受康复治疗的人充满归属感。按照这样的城市规划,人们可以很容易预测到附近地区的许多开发改造以及未来的城市扩展。

35.             Mornington Centre

莫宁顿医疗护理中心

This new building provides extended residential accommodation for older people who require specialist evaluation, rehabilitation and nursing care. The building contests the conventional paradigm of a nursing home. Through its spatial arrangements and normalising environment it shifts from a medico-centric care model to one where family and carers work with staff to deliver care to residents.

本座新建大楼为需要特殊诊断、康复和护理的老年人提供长期的住所。该大楼设计突破了传统模式的养老院设计。通过规划空间布局和规范居住环境,该护理中心从以医疗为中心的护理模式转变为家人、护理人员、工作人员共同照料的护理模式。

The building is designed like a large house or coastal hotel – not like a hospital – with a new language developed to describe its program.

该大楼在外形设计上看起来像是一座大房子或是一家海岸酒店——而不像是一家医疗护理中心——设计方案中采用一种全新的设计理念。

The rooms in which people stay contain bay windows in which people can sit and enjoy the view. These have large openable windows for admitting daylight and fresh air.

老人们居住的房间里的采用飘窗设计,居住者可以坐在窗台边欣赏外面的景色。这些凸出的窗户均可打开,以便阳光和新鲜空气摄入。

Cinical and medical support spaces are hidden to highlight the spaces for clients and their families which form their experience of the building. Timber linings, directional timber vinyl flooring, warm colours and domestic lighting reinforce these readings.

诊疗区位于隐蔽处,这样的设计是为了扩大使用者及家属的生活活动空间,他们的活动主要集中在这个区域。室内铺有木地板、木质地板效果的乙烯地板、室内色调温暖,照明温馨,这些都加强了建筑内部的效果。

The ining room is the social heart and family focus for the building. Here family members, guests and staff come together to eat, chat and have a cup of tea.

餐厅是该大楼的社交活动中心,也是家庭成员碰面的地方。家庭成员、客人、工作人员可以聚集在餐厅吃饭、聊天或是喝茶。

The building is clad in oversized ‘planks’ which are made with bricks embossed with a contoured timber grain digital design.

该建筑的表面由巨大的“板块”覆盖,这些“板块”是由砖块组成。砖块上的浮雕采用波纹状的木纹数字化设计。

The building supports a new way of delivering services to older people in our communities – through buildings which have people and families at the centre and drawing evidence based research into these clients’ special needs.

该建筑设计充分结合经细致调研得知的客户特殊需求,让老年人及其家属能够居住在护理中心,为本社区的老年人提供一种新型的服务。

36.             Multifuntional Care Complex Hanzeborg

Hanzeborg多功能护理中心

Hanzeborg residential care center is located in Hansa Park, a new residential area adjacent to the city center of Lelystad. A contemporary yet timeless and unique building where providing and receiving care has a new dimension added to it. DHA used the initial design as the basis for this building. A building where care, services and activities meet. It is the combination of different disciplines that gives strength to the complex. Hanzeborg has a strong position within the local urban dependency. In the present social context, private healthcare is no longer restricted to just one location.

Hanzeborg家庭护理中心坐落于汉莎公园内,地处比邻莱利斯塔德城市中心的新兴住宅区。这是一座现代化且经得起时间考验的独特建筑,在这里提供和接受医疗服务都具有新的理念。荷兰医疗建筑公司以最初的设计作为基础,打造出集护理、服务、活动于一体建筑。该建筑结合了不同的设计方案,取其精华。在该城市的附属建筑物中,Hanzeborg有着优越的地位。在当今的社会环境下,私人护理不再局限在一个地方。

However, care should remain easily accessible. Social and recreational activities ran seamlessly together with the actual care. Hanzeborg had to become the center of the neighborhood, therefore, the two lower levels – where public functions are embedded – were designed as transparent and accessible as possible. For those enjoying a walk from the care facility to the park behind the building, interesting pedestrian routes through Hanzeborg are now offered. This building combines its transparent structure and public access to the entrance of the residential area through the park, forming a point of interest on the route.

然而,护理应当是方便可行的。社交和康乐活动应与实际护理紧密结合。Hanzeborg要成为社区中心,因此相对较低的两层楼——公共功能区——尽可能被设计成透明的,且方便进入。考虑到那些喜欢从护理中心散步至大楼后面公园的人的需要,建筑师设计了一条穿过Hanzeborg有趣的步行路线。大楼将透明结构与穿过公园的居住区的公共入口通道连接到一起,这也成为了这条步行路线上的一个有趣之处。

37.             Nursing home ‚St. Martin’ in Eilenburg

爱伦堡圣马丁疗养院

The planning of buildings for people who are suffering from dementia require a special attitude. The new nursing-home is a single-floor building and is structured like a little village for the inhabitants. The heart of the building is a so called “market place”, an inner world which is surrounded and framed by the four accommodation units. The protecting shell of the units breaks open systematically and connects the interior with the therapy-garden.

该建筑的使用者为患有痴呆症的人群,因此该大楼的规划需采用一种特殊的方案。这家新建的养老院是一座单层建筑,从结构上看像是一座小村庄。该建筑的中心被称为商业中心,这是一块内部区域,其周围是四个食宿中心。这四个食宿中心坚固安全,且有条不紊地治疗大厅与内部空间连接起来。

In the four accommodation units there is place for 50 habitants. In each unit are 12 rooms (two units have double rooms) that are arranged around a central cooking-, dining- and living-area. From the central living-area with individual furniture a wide window-front opens up to a secure loggia. The interior is naturally enlightened through roof lights and the inhabitants have an essential link to the surrounding park. All rooms are handicapped accessible equipped and have each a separate bathroom. Over the market place there is an airy and significant wooden roof that is a sign to the outside. The folded roof symbolises a natural, open situation and is also protecting and binding the heart of the building which makes it unique.

在四个食宿中心里,有一个可容纳50人的地方。每个食宿中心有12个房间(有两个食宿中心有双人间),这12个房间围绕烹饪、餐饮和生活区分布。带有独立家具的中央生活区有宽敞的大窗,通向安全凉廊。顶置灯使室内的光线十分自然。住在这里的人经常来到附近的公园锻炼。所有房间都配备了残疾人设施和独立的洗浴间。在商业中心的上面,有一个重要的木质通风屋顶,从外面看,这里是该建筑的一个标志。这个折叠式的屋顶代表了该建筑自然、开放的风格,同时也在保护和加固着该建筑的中心,这样这座建筑才变得独一无二。

The rooms for special usage are arranged around the central place and are very special shaped. They have individual coloured eternit-panels so they are an orientation to the inhabitants inside the building as well as a binding visual element between inside and outside. The colours enforce the hierarchy of the rooms and make a comfortable and sunny atmosphere. Within a limited budget the building became a modern facility that respects the needs and requirements of its inhabitants, of the visitors and its owner.

特殊用途的房间被安排在中心位置的周围,形状也很特殊。特殊用途的房间里装有独立的彩色石棉水泥板,这些水泥板可以作为里面居民的导向牌,也可作为将建筑内外部连接起来的一个视觉元素。水泥板的色彩增强了房间的层次感,营造出一种舒适、阳光的气氛。在预算经费有限的情况下,该建筑被建造为一座现代化设施,而且还满足了居民、游客和其所有者的需求。

38.             Nursing Home Boswijk

Boswijk养老院

Nursing Home Boswijk offers a home to elderly people suffering from dementia. In close collaboration with the principal, DHA developed a plan that facilitated the sensitive nature and non-traditional characteristics of the residents. Patients with dementia respond to external stimuli. Therefore, the design of all rooms and routes was carefully directed. The entire program is on the ground floor. This gives a clear view of the tranquil green surroundings and invites the residents from their rooms out into the garden. Thus promoting the natural stimuli which are so important to these patients.

Boswijk养老院的服务对象为患有痴呆症的老年人。荷兰医疗建筑公司与委托方紧密合作,制定出一套适合居住者敏感性和非传统特点的建筑方案。患有痴呆症的老年人通常会对外部刺激做出反应,因此,所有房间和路线的设计均经过精心的指导。整个建筑项目均位于地面层。这样的设计使居住者清晰地欣赏到四周恬静、葱郁的景象,同时也吸引着他们走出室内,来到花园。因此,增加自然刺激对于这些患者很重要。

Patients can retreat into their own rooms whenever they wish, and live with other people together as one big family in a home with a private entrance and its own (living) environment. Twelve “stone” houses are spread out in a natural way over the site, connected to one another by small streets and plazas. The common facilities are housed in "stores" that form the walls in the street and plaza regions. The result is a complex in which the presence of the care organization is almost invisible, and space is provided for the individual’s quality of life. Nursing Home Boswijk was nominated for the 2010 Construction prize BouwPluim.

患者可以随时回到自己的房间,只要他们愿意。患者也可以和其他人以一个大家庭的方式住在一个房子里,这样的房子会有一个专门的入口和独有的居住环境。十二座“石房子自然地分布在这一地区,一条条小街道和广场将它们相互连接起来。公共设施被安置在商店里,而一排排的商店就是街道和广场地带的围墙。这样的布局便形成了这个复杂的建筑,而外面的人几乎看不到建筑里所存在的医疗机构,建筑里面的空间也保证了个人的生活质量。Boswijk养老院被提名为2010BouwPluim建筑奖。

39.             Open Vensters, Ameide

荷兰阿梅德

Open Vensters consists of private residences and a section for public facilities, connected by an indoor glass roofed street. In the residential section, where group accommodations and private care apartments are located, living is emphasized. The children’s day care center and the office staff of AV Zorggroep share the facilities section.

Open Vensters由私人住宅和公共设施区这两部分组成,一段室内玻璃小路将这两部分连接起来。多人食宿公寓和私人护理公寓均位于住宅区,那里特别注重生活质量。儿童日托中心和AV Zorggroep员工办公室位于公共设施区。

The entrance building houses the facilities section as well as a restaurant and lounge. The roof of the building, consists of glazed tiles with large dormers, referring to the agricultural surroundings and provides an ‘open window’ to the heart of the village of Ameide.

公共设施区、餐馆和休息室均位于进门的第一座大楼里。大楼的屋顶是由带有大天窗的琉璃瓦建成,这样的设计符合周围的农艺环境。大楼的屋顶也成为了Ameide村中心的一个“开放式窗户”。

With a view on the future, the psycho geriatric group accommodations consist of single rooms, some even with private bathrooms. Medium care is located in apartments which are suitable for flexible lease in the future.

考虑到日后所需,患有精神疾病的老年人所住的多人公寓,由一个个单人间组成,有的里面还带个人浴室。中级护理区位于公寓里,这些公寓日后也可以灵活地出租。

40.             Orion Tower

猎户座大楼

The project is a mixed-use plan. There is a parking garage for residents underneath the , complex. On the ground floor various social services are housed, including outpatient care of Noorderbrug (for deaf people) and a nursery. Furthermore, there are commercial spaces and the entrances to the residential tower, residential units and offices of the Noorderbrug. On the 1st and 2nd floors, two groups of Noorderbrug, and 13 independent living deaf people, are housed. An additional 11 apartments for starters are situated on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd floor. The tower holds 53 apartments for various rental and sale categories mainly for elderly. 

该项目按照混合用途的方案进行设计。在大楼的地下建有居民停车场。大楼的地面层设有各种各样的社会服务,包括Noorderbrug门诊医疗(服务对象为耳聋患者)和托儿所。此外,该建筑中还建有商业场所、通往住宅大楼和住宅的入口以及Noorderbrug办公室。在大楼的一层和二层,有为13个能够独立生活的耳聋患者准备的两组Noorderbrug房间。在大楼的一、二、三层,额外有11间公寓,这些公寓是为初来者准备的。这座大楼公共53间公寓,可以以不同的价位出租或出售,而出租或出售的对象主要是老年人。
    With a height of 60 meter (74 meter with antenna), this remarkable peak in the skyline of the city Groningen crowns the renovation of Paddepoel. In the 2009 Groninger building survey, Orion has won the audience award. On the annual ‘day of architecture’ we have received ‘the golden brick’ for this project.

该大楼高60米(带有一个74米长的天线),这样一座如此令人惊叹的高峰直耸格罗宁根市的天际,刷新了Paddepoel在高度上所保持的记录。在2009年格罗宁根市的建筑调查中,猎户座大楼获得了观众奖。在一年一度的建筑节上,我们凭借该项目获得了“金砖奖”。

41.             Parkview Terraces

景园阶梯式高级住宅

After a competitive process, our firm was selected to resolve the many challenges inherent in this affordable, multiuse senior housing project: complex city and community reviews; complex financing; and complex siting on a very tight, former freeway location in San Francisco. Each step took negotiation and reinterpretation, civic action and design innovation.

经过激烈的竞争,我公司终于脱颖而出,承担解决该多用途高级住宅项目中所存在的诸多具有挑战性的问题的任务。这些问题包括:对情况复杂的城市和社区进行复审、为项目融资和在旧金山旧高速公路所在的狭小区域为该项目选址。每项工作都需要探讨协商、解释说明、公众的配合和设计创新。

We focused our vision for the 101-unit concrete and glass building on public open space: the sun angles, the views to the parks across the street and beyond to the distant hills. Innovative massing and unit arrangement met the site’s challenges and ensured affordability. A nine-story tower on the north face rises above three lower floors. The L-shaped massing engages different street-level contexts and gives all units ample natural light and park views, without shading the generous ground-floor courtyard terrace or the fourth-floor terrace to the south.

我们将精力集中在公共开放空间建成这座有101个单元房的混凝土玻璃大楼,在建设过程中我们考虑到:太阳的角度、贯穿街道的公园景色以及远处山丘以外的景色。该项目总体设计创新,布局安排合理,与所处环境统一,造价适中。北边的一座三层楼上建有九层塔楼。该建筑群被设计为L形,因为这样的造型在不遮挡宽敞的地面庭院露台和向南敞开的第四层露台的情况下,能够使建筑群之间穿插着不同层次的街道风景,也能够使每座建筑都能有充足的光线照射,都能观看到公园里的景色。

Taking advantage of the downhill cross-slope, we placed a full level of parking and storage under the Turk Street entry, allowing for ground-floor communal spaces: a double-height lobby, community room, health club, beauty salon, therapy center, social services center, and offices. Several of these amenities enjoy sidewalk entry as well as inside access.

凭借该地下滑式横坡的有利地势,我们在特克街入口处的下面开发出一个完整的停车场和一个储藏室,这样我们便能够在地面层的公共空间里建造一些设施:一个两层高的大厅、社区活动室、健身俱乐部、美容美发沙龙、理疗中心、社会服务中心和办公室。这些便利设施有的位于人行道的入口处和内部的通道上。

42.             Psycho Medical Center Parnassia

梅花草心理医疗中心

For the Parnassia Foundation we designed their new psycho-medical center for mental health care for the elderly.

受梅花草基金会所托,我们公司设计了一家新的老年心理医疗中心。

In the new psycho-medical center the atmosphere of an elegant residential building prevents the association with a traditional hospital. With light colours and natural, durable materials the clinical character is softened.

该新建的心理医疗中心大楼,环境优雅,与传统的医院大不相同。大楼采用颜色清淡自然、经久耐用的建筑材料,以淡化医疗机构的感觉。
The plan consists of a compact autonomous volume, organized in three layers. Each layer has its own section and is divided into three units. Each unit is equipped with its own living and sleeping accommodations. The central atrium is the hub in the logistics. A lot of glass, light and voids determine the nature of this area that hosts all public functions.

按照设计方案,该建筑将以一个结构紧凑的主体形式建成,主体分为三层。每层都有自己的部分,并且被分为三个单元。每个单元都配有生活和住宿设施。中央大厅则是后勤中心的所在地。该区域承载着所有公共功能,在设计上采用了大量的玻璃材料,采光效果好、空间宽敞。
Colors and materials are function-specific administered. This causes recognizable distinctive atmospheres within the building. This way the rooms of the units are clearly different from the activity centers and treatment rooms. This ensures mental peace and stability for the patients. The application of wooden floors rather than linoleum in the living room is one of the resources that prevent associations with a hospital. The light and natural materials combined with an abundance of natural light creates a pleasant indoor climate. The daylight, which penetrates deep into the building, has a positive effect on the mood of the patients, especially the ones who cannot go outside by themselves.

所选的每一种颜色和材料都要有其特有的功能。这样才能够使大楼里的氛围既易识别又与众不同。按照这样的设计方式,各单元房便会与活动中心和医疗室有着明显的不同。这样的设计确保病人在精神上感到舒缓和安稳。卧室内采用木质地板而非地毡,这样设计也是为了避免给人医院之感。室内的照明充足,自然材料结合了大量的自然光线,为室内营造出了一种愉悦的氛围。白天,射进大楼的阳光为患者,特别是那些不能独自一人来到室外的患者,带来舒畅的心情。

43.             Residential and Nursing Home Simmering

Simmering寄宿养老院

High-quality dwelling for care-dependent senior citizens in the comforting atmosphere of a green oasis rather than the common, sterile, hospital-style atmosphere of geriatrics centers as they used to be.

该养老院是为需要照顾的老年人而设计,地处绿洲,周围氛围舒适,不同于以往医院式的老年护理中心。

The individual wards of the center are designed to conceptually resemble an organic city center, with all its varying and diversified spatial characteristics.

养老院中的个人病房每间都具有多元化、不同的空间特点,这样的设计在设计理念上跟布局清晰的城市中心很相像。

Apart from their orientation towards the exterior, all bedrooms feature interior glass openings which establish a visual connection with the “village squares” inside the building.

所有卧室不仅均面向室外,而且还有室内玻璃窗,可以看到大楼里的乡村广场

This leaves inhabitants with the possibility to enjoy both watching the goings-on around the building as well as participating actively or passively in a ward’s everyday life.

这样的卧室设计使居住者每天在病房中既可以从屋内向外观看大楼附近的活动,也可以或积极参与或安静地参与这些活动。

Finally a spatious and welcoming groundfloor - again resembling a small city center - complements what the individual wards have to offer with small shops, a café, a treatment and therapy center, daycare facilities for visitors and a multi-purpose space.

最后是一个宽敞、温馨的地面层建筑——也像是一个小型的城市中心——提供一些应有的设施:小商店、咖啡屋、治疗中心、客人所需的日托机构和一个多用途空间。

44.             《科技文化园建筑》序言

The design process as intuitive architectural narrative.

建筑的设计过程是一种直观、叙事的过程。

Buildings are always story-tellers. Well telling positive stories are good architecture. The joy and fun of the architect during the intuitive design process should transfer to future users of the planned building as positive experiences.

每个建筑都有其自己的故事。优秀的建筑会为我们带来积极向上的故事。建筑师应把他在直观的设计过程中所感受到的喜悦和乐趣作为一种积极的经历传递给该建筑的未来使用者。

The boundary between the internal and external use of the building is a variable diaphragm, ideally like the skin of a human being a sensitive medium, a mirror of the soul.

可变的横隔板作为一个分界线,将建筑的内部和外部分隔开来。在理想的状态下,横隔板应该像人类的皮肤一样,是一个敏感的媒介,是心灵的一面镜子。

Quote Ernesto Neto: "inside and outside are separated by the skin. The skin is figuratively where the existence is located and the content of this existence is the body. From start to finish, we humans are nothing but body in time. The skin is where social and cultural relations, so history takes place."

埃内斯托·内图说过:“是皮肤将人体的内部和外部分隔开来。打个比方来说,皮肤就是一种实实在在存在的物质,而构成这种物质的成分便是人类的机体。从出生到死亡,我们人类只不过是在时间上所存在的一种肉体而已。而皮肤则是建立社会与文化之间关系的纽带,于是便有了历史。”

How we humans are so bodies in time, also the buildings are larger bodies in time, only with much longer service life. Accordingly more changing history takes place here. Beautiful would be that the building story also over this long period of time remains traceable and positive.

我们人类只是在时间上所存在的一种肉体,那么建筑就是在时间上存在的一种更大的机体,只不过寿命更长而已。于是,更多不断变化的历史产生了。在这段漫长的时间内,建筑给我们带来的故事一直都将是美好的、可溯源的,同时也是积极向上的。

45.             Aviation Science & Technology Park

中关村航空科技园

Seen from outside, the identity of the building cluster is created by focusing architecture, landscape and traffic upon the main and tallest – 100 meters high - office tower housing AVIC's headquarters.

从外部看,建筑组团的特点是在一座办公塔楼上集建筑景观和交通一体,这座110米高的大楼是该地区最高的大楼,也是中国航空工业集团总部的所在地。

A mix of human scale and green technology forms the corporate image and prospective business strength, and by that the chance to give the company a thriving, prosperous impetus. Location, project requirements and character of the enterprise are generating a pioneer function for the whole area, in which the center is the protagonist regarding function and public space.

人性化尺度空间与环保技术的有效融合塑造了该公司的企业形象,体现了未来该公司的业务发展优势,助推了公司未来的发展与繁荣项目的区位优势功能需求及企业形象等决定了本项目在整个区域内功能上的领先地位就其地块功能公共空间而言,中心区无疑都是地块的主角

The entire ensemble will be experienced as a sequence of interconnected yet distinct volumes of towers. The very group of buildings encircling the main tower conveys the park its characteristic profile when seen from different directions.

地块的总体效果呈现出一个排列有序体量独特的塔楼建筑组团主塔周围的各建筑组团,从各个角度突显了园区的独特造型

The integrated spatial framework of the development unfolds in line with its two perpendicular main axes, spanning the park horizontally like two gigantic dragons, from which the headquarter tower is emerging vertically as image and landmark of the whole plot.

整个园区内空间组织围绕两条相互垂直的主轴线展开,犹如两条巨龙串起整个地块,在交点处高高耸立的就是集团总部塔楼,即整个地块的形象和地标性建筑

The core area comprises research and laboratory centres, public services like hotel as well as supporting business and office buildings. A communication and training center is located right at the starting point of the North-South axis. In the sequence, major office buildings, small-sized innovative businesses as well as an exhibition center are lined up.

围绕核心区布置的分别是中国航空工业集团的项目研发实验中心公共服务区(如酒店、配套商业区和配套写字楼 在南北轴线的起点,布置了成果交流和企业培训区;而主要办公区小型创新型企业试验区及办公和会展区沿东西轴线依次展开

The architectural language follows the uses, with abstract and rhythmic facades combining 3 different materials: Dark metal panels are conveying elegance, solidity and presence to the AVIC buildings. Light grey is used for the small offices, reflecting a more dynamic, juvenile character; finally glass for the public conference building and the main towers, generating at the same time a strong night-time image. The combination of open courtyards inside the buildings and a unique landscape concept integrating large green roofs as fifth façade does not only meet the requirements of advanced office concepts. The open space concept also shapes an unmistakable atmosphere for corporate culture, for a rather casual working style and a climate of interaction and communication, all of which are necessary for fostering innovation and progress.

所有沿街外立面采用三种不同的建筑风格建筑外部形象遵循建筑本身的用途,我们将抽象节奏感强的三种不同外立面材料有机结合:黑色金属板突出了中国航空工业集团总部塔楼的高雅坚固和独特的风格小型办公建筑采用浅灰色外立面,呈现出富有活力的建筑特点;公共会议区和总部塔楼采用玻璃外立面,构建了一副强烈的夜景意象图塔楼内开放式的庭院与独特的景观设计理念相融合,巨大的绿色屋顶成为了该建筑的第五外立面。这样开放性空间的设计理念不仅迎合了先进办公建筑理念的需求,也塑造了一种清晰明了的工作氛围,有利于企业文化、轻松自然的工作方式和交流氛围的形成,从而保证了创新和进步。

46.             Beijing Mobile E-Town Science Park

北京电子城科技园

AD+RG was appointed as the architectural design consultant for Beijing Mobile E-Town Science Park. The design focuses on international, intelligent and low-carbon technology, using advanced technology combined with actual engineering practice in China. The project is going to be an international technology exchange centre for IT industry with around 550,000 sqm construction area. With multi-platform designs and flexible internal space, it provides conference rooms, incubators, research laboratories and offices of different sizes. The park includes a hotel, grade A offices, residential and F&B retails. Cultural elements and concepts are applied in the design and planning of its internal Commercial Street. ‘Human Oriented’ is put as the major planning principle. Separation of pedestrian traffic flow with the vehicle traffic was diligently considered. The integration of ‘work, life, rest and training’ is to delight everyone in the Park. The organic integration of different functions forms the primary and secondary spatial relationships between building blocks, thus further creates the space imagery of excitement and peace. The fluentness of the outdoor space fully considers the behavior characteristics of the users, at the same time, takes care of its transitional continuity. The architectural design concept inspired by bio-technology, creating interactive and sharing atmosphere. Two residential buildings are placed along riverside for enjoying best views. We also made sure the views from the office buildings can be maximized. In the park, architecture is more than functional composite. It enables and facilitates human interaction and communication. Besides, technological characteristics are reflected by the appearances of various buildings. Environmental friendly, energy saving design is presented by the dedicated allocation of vertical and horizontal fins, solid and glass wall panels at the external wall design.

 北京电子城科技园由AD+RG建筑设计研究集团有限公司担当建筑设计顾问。设计将重点集中在国际化、智能化的低碳技术上,将先进技术与中国实际工程实践相结合。这一建筑面积约550,000平方米的项目,将成为IT产业的国际技术交流中心。该项目采用多平台的设计方案和灵活的内部空间,内设会议室、孵化器、研究实验室和不同大小的办公室。该科技园里有酒店、A级写字楼、住宅和餐饮零售中心。内部商业街的设计和规划,融入了文化元素和理念。“以人为本”是该项目主要的规划原则。设计中努力将行人交通与车辆交通分隔开来。将“工作、生活、休息、培训”相融合,以使科技园中的每位员工保持愉悦的心态。不同功能区的有机结合促成了各建筑楼群间空间上的主次关系,这样便进一步创造出一种既生动又平和的空间意象。室外空间十分畅通,这样的设计是出于对使用者活动特点的考虑,同时也考虑了室外空间的过渡连续性。该项目建筑设计理念的灵感源自生物技术,创造出一种互动、共享的氛围。两个住宅大楼建在河边,居住者可欣赏到最美的景色。设计也确保在办公大楼里能够最大范围地看到外面的景色。科技园建筑绝非仅是功能性的,它更起到利于人际交往和沟通的作用。此外,各大楼的外观也体现了不同的技术特点。垂直方向和水平方向散热片的精心分配以及外墙体所采用的实心玻璃板,都体现了环保、节能的设计理念。

47.              Campus Palmas Altas

帕尔马斯·阿尔斯塔商业园区

It is a project that aims to transform the typical image of a business park - a series of isolated pavilion like buildings - and create instead on authentic compact community gathered around a shared common space which will stimulate the interaction and collaboration of the staff and thereby help forge a common identity amongst the various constituent elements of the company.

该项目旨在转变商业园区的范例式形象——一系列大楼似的独立展馆。该项目而是要在一块公共空间的周围建立一个真正的紧凑式建筑群,这一建筑群将激发员工的互动与协作精神,因此也有助于在公司各种构成要素间形成一种共识。

The standard business park leans heavily on the imagery of the North American business park - set in a green and verdant landscape. The project includes a range of environmental measures such as photovoltaic panels, a trigeneration plant and a hydrogen batteries to address the issue of energy supply. In addition, energy saving measures are applied across the whole project, from the geometry of the building based on company floor plates forms with the minimum of heat loss or heat gain at the perimeter, maximum self shading of one building to another, efficient air conditioning and lighting systems and careful selection of materials.  Together these aspects of the design aim to reduce energy use. The result it is hoped will be more sustainable office complex.

标准商业园区在很大程度上取决于北美商业园的形象——位于一片翠绿、草木繁茂的景观之中。该项目采取了一系列环保措施,如太阳能电池板、热电冷三联产工厂和氢电池,目的都是为了解决能源的供应问题。此外,节能措施也被应用到整个项目中来,如在公司地板热损失或周围热吸收最小基础上的大楼几何设计、建筑物本身给其他建筑带来的最大化阴影覆盖、有效的空调和照明系统以及材料的精心选取。这些设计均旨在减少能源的使用。目的是建立一个更加可持续的办公综合楼。

48.             Peking University Science Park

北大科技园

The objective design goals for the office towers were many.  We desired to create a flexible work place that allows for enjoyment of natural light, ventilation through operable windows, individual shading, and maximization of the sites mountain and park views. 

该办公大楼在设计上要达到多个客观目标。我们旨在创造一种灵活的工作场所,使员工能享受到自然光线,可开窗通风,有独立遮光设施,能够最大范围地欣赏到山丘和园区的景色。

The objective design goals for the Podium Buildings were to develop human scaled buildings that promoted “life and energy” into the urban fabric. The Podium buildings were modeled on the historical neighborhoods of Beijing, the “Hutongs”.  These human scaled environments fostered a sense of community and brought richness of experience to those who lived there.

裙楼的设计本着开发人性化建筑的设计目标,将“生命和能量”融入到城市构造中去。裙楼以北京的历史街区——胡同,为蓝本。这些人性化的环境培养了人们的社区意识,给居住在那里的人们带来了丰富的生活体验。

The objective design goals for the Foundation Headquarters Building was to provide for a very high quality work environment that provided natural light, ventilation through operable windows, individual shading, and maximization of the sites mountain and park views.  The Headquarters Building stands unique within the Science Park.  Occupying a full block, the slender tower shimmers in a large reflecting pool to the East.  A three story building with retail space on the ground floor and Foundation office space above defines a private courtyard.

基金会总部大楼的设计目标为创建一种高品质的工作环境,这样的工作环境能够使员工能享受到自然光线,可开窗通风,有独立遮光设施,能够最大范围地欣赏到山丘和园区的景色。总部大楼在整个科技园内超群绝伦。这座高耸的建筑占据了整个街区,南面的水塘波光粼粼,映衬着它的倒影。三层楼的一楼为零售店,往上是总部办公区,围成私密庭院。

49.             Science Park in Granada

格拉纳达科技园

The project for extending the Science Park in Granada, next to the River Genil, posits the construction of a single roof with slight inflections that is similar to an open hand, beneath which are housed the different bits of the program interwoven in a spatial continuum.

该科技园位于格拉纳达的珍妮河边,属格拉纳达科技馆的扩建工程。该科技园的屋顶是由许多个小折板组成的,看更为起来就像是一只张开的手,覆盖着各个不同主题的空间,使其更具连接性。

The empty space connecting the big boxes or containers of the different programs—the Macroscope, Biodome, Technoforum, Health Sciences, Al-Andalus, auditoria and spaces for temporary and permanent exhibitions—organizes the communications and logistics and relates to the Park’s activities as a whole. 

由于科技园内部的连接性较强,空间将各个主题区域——宏观馆、生态馆、科技馆、健康科学中心、安达鲁斯馆、礼堂的暂时或永久性展厅,以及后勤部、通信部等有机地联系在一起,使其与园区的活动形成整体上的互动。

The proposed spatial structure allows for great flexibility in terms of uses and of situations interweaving different routes and themes.

这个被建议的空间结构,在使用时具有很大的灵活性,将不同主题、不同路线的分馆交织在一起。

In general, most of the projects that develop topographies replace the continuous quality of the roof with a succession of planes or porticos of various shapes. In this way, the spatiality and constructional autonomy of the roof as a continuous element is converted into a sequential relationship of intercommunicating spaces. 

从总体上看,该科技园中的很多工程都是根据地形特征而开发的,这样就像是用一连串起伏、形状各异的屋顶板块代替了传统意义上的平板屋顶。这样,屋顶的空间性和构造特性就作为一种连续的元素与内部通信部完美结合起来。

In Granada the roof constitutes a continuous angled plane that floats above the sloping plane of the ground, the two planes enclosing the huge exhibition spaces between them, with the light that penetrates between the roof’s angles emphasizing the places of communication and relation.

科技园内部,屋顶采用连续的有角板材,位于地面斜板的上方。屋顶板与地面之间的空间作为展厅。屋顶的板材之间装有照明灯,凸显出通信部的地理位置以及与其他展厅之间的关联性。

In its abstraction, the great roof displays a silhouette that recalls the skyline of the mountains of Granada. The resolution of the great topographical roof adapts to volumetric needs, which generate within them closed spaces of great size and height that accommodate the different programs. The roof hovers above the terrain, constructing a new topography that, by being angled, organizes in its angles the skylights that endow the spaces of connection and circulation with natural light.

从抽象的角度看,这个巨大屋顶呈现出来的轮廓使人联想到格拉纳达山脉优美的天际线。这个大屋顶在地形上的分辨率符合其体积上的需求,起伏变化的屋面之间形成了体积之大、高度之高的闭合空间,这些空间也进一步适用于不同的功能区域。屋顶高悬在地面的上空,形成了一种新的地势,屋顶的角形折板之间设有天窗,通过这些天窗自然光便可直接进入空间内部。

The grid of the roof is resolved with a double-layered, three-dimensional structure that includes technical systems and installation networks, thus solving drainage and rain run-off. The skylights punctuate the roof as a continuation of the main structure.

天窗采用双层网状结构,三维结构中含有技术支持系统和设施网,这样便可将雨水排出。天窗有序分布在屋顶上,形成一种具有连续性的主要结构。

50.             Qingdao Science and Technology City

青岛科技城

The design for the Science and Technology city is characterized by a compact center and four mixed-usage quarters (residential, work, shop-ping, leisure). An approx. 125-hectare area of greenery extending along the river from north to south across the entire planning area forms the backbone of the new development. The compact urban center is concentrated in structure and will be brought to life through the businesses, restaurants, and cultural facilities in it. Prestigious highrises that are visible from afar will mark the center. Furthermore, each quarter will also boast its own (district) center, which the inhabitants will be able to reach on foot, and which have all requisite facilities. Basic institutions, such as an international school, a hospital etc., will be located in one of the quarters but will be for the use of all inhabitants.

该设计方案由一个城市中心和四个混合功能的城区(居住、工作、购物、休闲) 组成。新区的主轴线是沿河的一条面积约为125公顷、南北方向贯穿规划新区的绿化带。紧凑的中心区城市结构密度较高,由商业、餐饮、文化设施等组成。另外,还有一些特征鲜明的高层建筑也集中于此。此外,每个城区还拥有自己的中心区域,该城区的居民步行即可到达,这里集中了城区所需的各种设施。在这些城区中将建基础公共设施,如一所国际学校和一所高等医院等,供规划新城的所有居民使用。

Sustainable development planning with diverse facilities, the prioritization of pedestrian traffic and public transport, a rainwater collection and recycling system, not to mention architecture that is highly efficient in terms of energy and planned taking present-day sustainability criteria into consideration, create the requisite conditions for a green city worth living in. Different qualities with regard to open space such as the setting on the river, the park, as well as apartments and workplaces close to outdoor areas ensure a high quality of life in the new district.

这里设施齐全,具有可持续发展的城市规划,步行和公共交通优先,拥有雨水收集再利用系统,在能源方面高效节能,将当今的持续发展标准考虑在内,这些都使这里成为一座绿色的、充满生机的宜居新城。各种不同空间质量的室外场所,例如水岸、公园以及居住和工作附近的室外场所,构成了新城高品质的室外驻留空间。

51.             The Technology of the Diaspora

海外技术

The phenomena of the recreational park took on a public significance during the Industrial Revolution. They were an act of generosity either by the state or enlightened philanthropy. Prior to this time parks were essentially derived from hunting enclosures for the privileged few.

娱乐公园在工业革命时期具有公共性的意义。休闲公园的建造是政府或进步慈善机构的一种慷慨行为。在这以前,从本质上来讲,公园是从供少数特权势力使用的狩猎围场演变而来。

The first fully publicly funded park was by the English architect and gardner, Joseph Paxton. Birkenhead Park in Liverpool, England was completed in 1847 and is acknowledged as a key influence for Frederick Law Olmstead’s design for Central Park in New York which, of course, is the quintessential urban park of the 19th century.

第一个完全公共意义上的公园是由英国建筑师、园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿设计建成。英国利物浦的别跟海特公园,建成于1847年,被公认为在弗雷德里克·劳·奥姆斯特德对纽约中央公园的设计中有着关键的影响,当然也是19世纪典型的城市公园。

Such public parks were created for leisure and respite from industrialization. The urban population could take exercise to improve health and enjoy a social space. A place to see and be seen. Parks were a creation of an idealized nature within the city.

这类公园的建造,是以休闲和缓解工业化压力为目的。这样,城市里的人们就能够在公园里做运动,增强体质,还能够享用社交空间。作为一个能够在里面欣赏,同时也作为景观被欣赏的一个地点,公园是整个城市范围内一个理想化的自然创造。

During the twentieth century the term park became less disambiguous and mutated into different urban or extra-urban types. The connection to leisure activity obviously continued but there has been a semantic shift to incorporate uses for business, technology, science and retail. This adaptation has borrowed the sense of a public amenity to engender these park types with a degree of perceived inclusivity and openness.

二十世纪期间,公园的特征不再那么显著,而是转变为不同类型的城市公园或市区外的公园。虽然公园还是与休闲活动有着明显的关联,但是公园的内涵发生了转变:商业、技术、科学、零售等用途被融为一体。这一改变增加了公园的公共便利性,由此产生了这些带有包容性与开放性的公园,这些包容性和开放性在一定程度上可被感知到。

The key development of leisure parks through the twentieth century is the amusement or theme park. Amusement parks began to take significant shape with John A Millers inventive roller coasters at Coney Island, New York and were later expanded into a themed park at Disney’s 1955 Anaheim Park. These formative models have been much copied globally. The popularity of these parks has created a huge industry (57 billion dollars in the US alone) and their virtuoso engineering and inventiveness has much to be admired. The perambulation through the pleasure garden has translated into the grand spectacle of the roller coaster.

整个二十世纪期间,休闲公园的关键性发展就在于产生了游乐园或主题公园。约翰·米勒斯发明的纽约科尼岛过山车,标志着游乐园的诞生。之后,迪斯尼1955年阿纳海姆公园的诞生意味着游乐园有了拓展。这种格式化的模式受到了世界各国的效仿。这些公园的风靡为工业带来了巨大收益(单单在美国就创造570亿美元),这些公园大师级的工程和创造力受到了诸多钦佩。宏伟的过山车场面就像是在巡逻整个游乐园。

Whilst leisure parks are thriving the more difficult question is what new recreational type can be invented and, if a park is devoted to culture, what could this mean within our contemporary world.

休闲公园在蓬勃发展的过程中,更加棘手的问题就是:还可以发明出什么样的新型娱乐方式。如果一个公园十分侧重文化方面,这在我们当代的世界里意味着什么。

In the face of online social networking, mega-information and instant communication what sort of civic space does this define? An over simplistic view might even suggest that civic space is not necessary. However rather than treat such technology as an opposition to urban space, the clear challenge of our time is to embrace and hybridize these digital cultures to construct new types of urban space. Datasets and information clouds can be a new raw material for our cities, they can both inform and reform. GPS and communication technology, sensing systems and interactive space could enhance and enrich our experience to create new ecologies of cybernetic parks. Indeed, it could easily be argued that, as the rapidly urbanizing regions of the world invent new cities, and in many cases from a blank canvas, these interventions are a necessity.

面对着在线社交网络——巨大信息量和即时通讯,这为市民空间带来了怎样的界定呢?一个极为简单的观点或许就能表明,市民空间并不是必须的。然而,我们这一时代所面临的明确挑战是:迎接和融合这些数字文化,以此来建设出新型的城市空间,而不是将技术看做是城市空间的对立面。数据集和咨询云是我们城市中的新原料,它们可以用于传播信息和改革。GPS(全球定位系统)、通信技术、感测系统和交互空间,都能够增加和丰富我们的经验,以创造出新型生态控制论公园。事实上,我们可以简单地认为,由于世界上迅速城市化的地区促成了新城市的产生,并且许多情况下,这些新城市都是从零起步,所以这些开发是十分必要的。

The 19th century captured an idealized nature for the art of recreation, we have the capacity to now invent a new nature.

十九世纪记录了休闲艺术理想化的本质特点,现在我们有能力创造出一种新的本质。

52. 昆山小核酸产业科技园

Kunshan RNAi & Biomed Park

城市设计赋予个性-新的城市设计为昆山小核酸产业基地对外树立了一个新形象:基地的西南角被打开,形成了一个具有欢迎姿态面向外界的广场,延续公共绿地,欢迎来自苏州的旅行者。它赋予整个基地现代的,强烈的个性,使该园区从它的竞争者中脱颖而出。

Urban design endows individuality—The new urban layout creates a totally new appearance of the park to the outside: the south-western corner of the site opens up to form a welcoming plaza facing towards the outside, extending the public green area and welcoming travelers from Suzhou. It gives the whole site a modern, strong identity and distinguishes this Park from its competitors.

景观广场-昆山小核酸产业基地的研发楼与服务公寓共享一个景观空间,开阔的绿色空间向一片自然水体开放,中庭不仅具有一个良好的景观视野,并通过一条步道与水上的多功能餐馆相连,这也成为了景观设计的核心,并增强了研发楼的代表性。

Landscape plaza---The Research and Development Building and the Service Apartment Complex share a great and generous landscape space. The wide green space opens up to a natural water feature. The atrium enjoys a great view of the landscape and is connected with the multi-functional restaurant by a footpath, which becomes the core of the landscape design and strengthens the representativeness of the Research and Development Building.

现代化/工业化的设计-建筑设计采用了一种严谨的现代工业的设计语言,正是通过一种纯净简洁的建筑形式,立面及室内现代工业化材料的使用,以及对于那些不需要、矫揉造作的装饰元素的舍弃。明亮的中庭与厚重的建筑两翼形成鲜明的对比,这一对比强化了公众对于研发楼的第一印象。

Modern/industrialized design---The architecture design features a strictly modern, industrial design language by In terms of a purely simple and clear building form, modern and industrial materials for the facade and interiors, as well as the abandonment of any unnecessary, playful or decorative elements are decided. The bright atrium and the flanks of the buildings are in strong contrast which deepens people’s first impression of the Research and Development Building.

53.  大运文化园

Universiade Cultural Park

大运文化园由原龙岗百达厂房改造而成,其地理位置东至大运主场馆,西达龙岗体育中心;北临大运公园,南望信息学院(即大运村)。为使龙岗大运片区形成整体的视觉及公共活动的通廊,文化园区针对建筑的外立面及景观进行了整体的设计与改造。园区内5栋建筑外立面皆采用统一风格的绿色纵向彩条设计,通过标准的600模数,使其形成鲜明而具有活力的机理效果。将大运公园内的景观连续引入文化园区,使公园景观与园区建筑形成巧妙的关联,从而营造出一个完整的公园体系。文化园的设计与规划充分考虑到保护现有环境,节约成本,缩短工期等问题,以现有地形标高为基础,以提供良好视觉通廊为目的,根据场地的可达性和停留性合理设置台地景观。每一栋建筑的首层都采用了玻璃幕墙进行围合,最大化开放首层空间的使用。

Universiade cultural park is transformed from original Baida plants in Longgang District. It reaches the main stadium in the east, Longgang Sports Center in the west, and adjoins the park of Universiade Village and faces the School of Information (Universiade Village). Uniformed green vertical striped design is applied to the facades of five buildings. This design complies with the stander of 600 modules, thus creating a bright and dynamic mechanism effect. The landscape in the universiade park are introduced to the cultural park in order to connect the park landscape and park architecture and create a complete park system. During the design of the cultural park, environmental protection, cost saving and reduction of erection time are taken into account. In order to provide a good visual corridor, the terrace landscapes are design based on the accessibility and residence of the site as well as the existing terrain elevation. The first floor of every building is enclosed by glass screen walls to maximize the space in the first floor.

附录2 术语表

英语

汉语

英语

汉语

Aragon

亚拉贡

Atatürk Culture Center

阿塔图尔克文化中心

AVIC

中国航空工业集团

Bursa

布尔萨

Barcelona

巴塞罗那

Culture Parks

文化公园

Caballero

卡瓦列罗

Childcare Center

儿童保育中心

communication technology

通信技术

Chinese Special Economic Zone

中国经济特区

Des Anglais

盎格魯

Doetinchem

杜廷赫姆

Geneva

日内瓦

GPS

全球定位系统

HVAC

暖通空调系统

Iceland

冰岛

Irwell River Park

艾尔韦尔河公园

Imperial War Museum

曼彻斯特帝国战争博物馆

Jordaan

约旦

Krems

克雷姆斯

Lantern

兰特

Lowry Arts Centre

洛利艺术中心

Lilanz Creative Centre 

晋江利郎创意中心

Merinos Park

美利奴公园

M.K. Atatürk

阿塔图尔克

Media City UK

英国媒体城

Merinos Culture Center

美利奴文化中心

Museum of Hakka Culture

客家文化博物馆

Madison Avenue

纽约麦迪逊大街

National Creative Cluster (NCC)

国家时尚创意中心

Paredes

帕雷德斯

Riverfront Park

河滨公园

Reykjavik

雷克雅维克

Riviera

里维埃拉

St. Louis.

圣路易斯

Stirling

斯特灵市

Salford

索尔福德

Scarborough

斯卡伯勒

sensing systems

感测系统

Science Parks

科技园区

Schinkel

辛克尔

The Ebro river 

埃布罗河 

Trafford

特拉福德

Tibidabo

提比达波山

Tel Aviv Port

特拉维夫港口

Trondheim City

特隆赫姆城市

The Pearl River Delta

中国珠江三角洲

Vondelpark 

冯德尔

Vivocity

怡丰城

Wilkinson Eyre

威尔金森·艾尔

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