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建筑英语中定语从句的翻译——景观与建筑设计类文本的翻译实践报告
添加时间: 2017-8-9 16:11:20 来源: 作者: 点击数:2499

          建筑英语中定语从句的翻译

     ——景观与建筑设计类文本

翻译实践报告


摘要

翻译文本由滨水景观、幼儿园建筑、老年公寓和科技文化园四部分构成,每一部分景观建筑由几十篇英文篇章构成。译者在英译汉翻译实践基础上,撰写了此翻译实践报告报告分为任务描述、过程描述、案例分析、实践总结四个部分任务描述,是对文本性质、文本特征等进行描述;过程描述,主要介绍译前准备、译中执行情况和译后审校;案例分析部分,译者着重分析与总结了限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译策略实践总结,译者总结了翻译方法﹑经验与感悟等。

翻译文本中有大量冗长而复杂的句子,从句占很大比例,而从句中又以定语从句居多。因此,在翻译实践过程中,如何分析与翻译好文本中的定语从句则是译者翻译实践活动的重点与难点译者将结合自身的翻译实践活动,根据文本中不同的定语从句,采用不同的翻译方法。本翻译实践报告的意义在于,以往的建筑英语翻译,都是从词法和句法特征角度出发来分析,较少从定语从句的角度来分析与归纳因此论文的撰写具有一定的实用价值,不但丰富了译者的专业知识,同时也能为MTI专业的其他同学提供一些借鉴作用。

关键词:建筑英语;定语从句;翻译策略


ABSTRACT

The Translation of Attributive Clause in Architecture English: A Report on the Translation of the Text of Landscape and Architectural Design 

The translation text consists of four parts, including Waterfront Landscape Architecture, Kindergarten Architecture, Elderly Apartments, Science and Cultural Park. Every part of Landscape and Architectural text, there are dozens of English articles. The author present the report based on the translation practice. This report consists of four parts, including task description, process description, case analysis and practice summary. In the part of task description, the nature and characters of text are presented. In the part of process description, the author introduces preparation before translation, performance in translation and revision after translation. In the part of case analysis, the author analyzes and summarizes the translation strategies of restrictive clauses and non-restrictive clauses. In the part of practice summary, the author summarizes translation experience, methods and thoughts. 

The translation text consists of a large number of long and complex sentences, and clauses are accounted for a large proportion, most of them are attributive clause. Therefore, how to analyze and translate the attributive clauses are emphases and difficulty. The author summarizes the translation strategies of the attributive clause. According to the different structure of the attributive clause in the text, the author uses the different methods of translation. The previous translations of the Architecture English are from the perspective of the lexical and syntactic features, but not from the perspective of the attributive clause. Therefore, the graduation thesis is of practical value, not only improves the author’s knowledge, but also provides reference for other students major in MTI.

Key words: Architecture English, Attributive Clause, Translation Strategies



第1章  任务描述

1.1 翻译文本来源

笔者所翻译的文本是由出版社提供的英文文本,英译汉翻译完成并经审核通过后由出版社出版发行,该书籍旨在向国内的建筑师及建筑爱好者介绍国外优秀的建筑景观,具有较高的参考价值。

<, /A>1.2 委托方要求

是国内一家知名的优秀出版社,每年出版发行大量优秀书籍,因此对出版作品的质量把关非常严格。对于此次翻译任务,出版社对翻译任务的要求如下:

忠实传递原文信息,避免增译或漏译现象。

保持原文的语体风格,保持译文的可读性。

③符合中文表达习惯,语言通顺流畅,避免出现生涩拗口情况。

1.3翻译文本内容

笔者所翻译的文本,包括滨水景观、幼儿园建筑、老年公寓和科技文化园四部分。每一部分景观建筑由几十篇英文篇章构成,分别介绍不同景观各自的建筑构造与内部环境﹑建筑风格与理念等,具有较高的翻译实践与参考价值。其中滨水景观文本介绍国外一些城市海滨景观建筑的独特与奇妙之处,对于国内的建筑师及建筑爱好者都具有较高的借鉴与参考价值。幼儿园建筑文本,介绍国外幼儿园新型的景观建筑风格与理念,突出其建筑构造的科学性﹑建筑理念的人文性。老年公寓文本,介绍国外老年公寓的景观建筑是如何依据老年人的身心特征为建筑核心,突出以丰富老年人业余生活为中心的人本理念,值得国内老年公寓设计者与建造者学习与借鉴。科技文化园文本,介绍国内外众多城市科技园与文化园的景观建筑,汇聚了众多国内外建筑大师的精品力作,具有极高建筑美的艺术价值。

1.4 翻译文本体裁与特征

翻译文本属于科技文体, 有自己的专业词汇和表达习惯,话语方式为书面体,语言正式、结构严谨、表义客观。体裁属于说明文,采用陈述语气行文,避免使用诸如省略、夸张、反问、拟人等常规意义上的修辞手段和口头语言。文本在时间上,没有明显的过去与将来,所以一般使用现在时。为避免武断与强加于人的印象,力求客观、公正,文本中常以表“物”的词或“it”等代替“I”或“we”等代词做主语,这样可以避免主观臆断的倾向。而谓语常常用被动语态,恰当的时态和语态表义贴切、客观。同时文本中存在大量名词化结构,使得行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切。

翻译文本中的句子多属于阐述类, 使用完整的句子, 表义准确、完备, 形式上庄重严肃,能给人一种正式可信的感觉。文本中有大量冗长而复杂的句子,从句占很大比例。从句中的修饰语较长,这些修饰语一般都是短语和从句, 而从句中又以定语从句居多当文本要表达较为复杂的建筑景观构造与内部环境﹑建筑风格与理念时,往往都是借助于定语从句来完成,即用定语从句来修饰某个名词或名词短语,这样即符合了科技文体语言正式﹑结构严谨﹑表义客观的特征,也使文本逻辑清晰、结构严谨,使读者一目了然。同时,笔者在英译汉的翻译实践中发现,定语从句翻译的困难之处在于汉语中没有定语从句这种现象,有的只是定语修饰语英语的定语从句,不仅有长有短、结构有简有繁、对先行词的限制有强有弱,而且含义繁多,具有不同意义。因此,笔者将结合自身的翻译实践活动,会根据文本中定语从句的不同结构,采用不同的翻译方法。


2章 过程描述

2.1 译前准备

2.1.1译员确定与责任分配

此次翻译任务由小组四位成员组成,分别是共同完成。其中四位成员又分为两个小组,即为一个小组,为一个小组。分组的目的是相互监督与帮助,能更有效﹑快捷地开展翻译工作的同时,也能提高彼此协同合作的意识与能力。整个翻译过程中,小组四位成员共同完成四部分建筑景观的翻译工作,翻译量大致为每位成员40篇译文,笔者在翻译任务中负责40篇译文,翻译量为13000字左右。

2.1.2翻译计划

201211月收到导师发送的翻译文本,之后分四次发送给笔者,分别是滨水景观、幼儿园建筑、老年公寓和科技文化园四部分,每一部分大致是10篇译文。导师与小组四位成员通过网络会议商讨并决定每次翻译完成并提交译文的时间及相关要求,每部分文本初次翻译时间大致为8天至10天。笔者开始着手翻译之前,计划首先用两天左右的时间,阅读该部分的所有原文,了解其大致内容,对译文的题材和难易程度做到心中有数。之后计划每一天翻译两篇译文,大约为600字,每天的任务量可根据时间灵活调整。在翻译过程中笔者将遇到的问题进行归类与整理,为之后的撰写毕业论文做准备。之后计划再用两天时间统一阅读与修改翻译过的译文,再交予导师验收与指导,最后经由笔者修改后定稿,再经由导师验收后合格交予出版社出版发行,此次翻译任务共持续五个月。

2.1.3 翻译完成时间要求

导师要求小组四位成员文本翻译最终完成时间为:滨海景观文本翻译终稿完成时间为201212月下旬,要求幼儿园建筑文本翻译终稿完成时间为20131月中旬,要求老年公寓文本翻译终稿完成时间为20132月中旬,要求科技文化园文本翻译终稿完成时间为20133月上旬。

2.1.4 翻译工具

在翻译实践过程中,笔者使用的翻译工具有:商务印书馆出版的《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》、外语教学与研究出版社出版的《朗文当代高级词典》(英英·英汉双解)(第四版)、上海译文出版社出版的《英汉大词典》和有道词典等网络辅助工具。同时针对文本中出现的长难句与定语从句,笔者为了深入了解相关的语法知识,也参考了一些语法书,如《张道真实用英语语法》《英语语法新思维中级教程:通悟语法》、《考研英语长难句突破》、《考研英语长难句分类突破与句法速成》

2.2 翻译过程

2.2.1信息收集

笔者通过互联网媒介,采用百度与Google搜索方式,收集了与文本中建筑景观相关的背景介绍,以及国内外建筑景观的一些相关图片,以此来增加笔者相关的背景知识,为之后文本的翻译奠定基础。同时为了更有效地开展建筑英语文本的翻译,笔者查阅与收集了“知网”中与科技英语分支下建筑英语翻译方法与技巧有关的文献,以及查阅与收集了一些相关建筑专业术语的应用方法。同时阅读了几本关于建筑类景观的书籍,如:《城市特色历史风貌与滨水景观》胡嘉渝;《城市与建筑专业英语》西蒙·贝尔;《景观的视觉设计要素国外景观设计丛书》等。最后,小组成员通过网络会议,进行收集信息的共享、深入探讨,确定翻译基调。经过信息收集,译员在翻译过程中能够更好地把握整体风格、处理细节问题。

2.2.2术语表制定

建筑类英语有自己的专业词汇和表达习惯,话语方式为书面体,语言正式、结构严谨、表义客观,所以制定术语表很重要也必不可少。笔者在通读原文的过程中,将所遇到的地名﹑人名﹑公司名﹑机构名等专业术语记录下来,并进行统计。在具体翻译过程中,若遇到遗漏的术语,按照同样的方法确定,并添加至术语表。之后同小组内其他三位成员进行统一核对与修改,术语确定之后,将术语按照字母表顺序,添加至Excel表格,制成最终统一的术语表。

2.2.3译文审校

笔者为保证文本的翻译质量,在翻译新的文本之前,要回顾与检查之前所翻译的译文。俗话说“好的译文都是改出来的”,为了能及时地发现问题,笔者规定自己在每翻译完一部分篇章后就要对译文进行回顾与检查,这样能及时发现译文中不通顺或有误之处,并且及时进行修改,同时也能为接下来的翻译工作积累翻译经验,这也是一个自我校对与提高的过程。

2.2.4翻译执行情况

翻译计划制定完成、术语统一之后,译员开始进行翻译工作。按照原定计划,8天至10天翻译一个建筑景观初稿。

201212月中旬第一次提交译稿,完成《滨海景观建筑》文本的翻译工作。

20131月上旬第二次提交译稿,完成《幼儿园建筑》文本的翻译工作。

20132月上旬第三次提交译稿,完成《老年公寓》文本的翻译工作。

20132月下旬第四次提交译稿,完成《科技文化园》文本的翻译工作。

2.3 译后事项

2.3.1 质量控制与审校

每完成一个建筑景观文本的译稿,在自我审校通过后,组内四位译员间进行交换校对,共同商议有争议之处,从译文准确度、语言表达的连贯性与通畅性、文字及标点符号的书写等方面进行细致检查,对译文质量进行把关。之后将译稿交予导师验收,再遵照导师的修改意见进行修改,导师满意后交予出版社出版发行。

2.3.2 分析与归纳

首先,笔者通读译后的文本,加深对译文内容与主旨的理解与把握。其次,笔者将文本中出现的定语从句进行分析与归类,之后归纳与总结适用于定语从句的翻译策略。同时针对译文中遇到的其他问题进行分析与归纳,并选择能解决相关问题的方法与策略。


3章 案例分析

3.1 指导原则

“英语句法结构重形合,大量使用关联词,组成结构严谨的复合句,主语和谓语仿佛两根巨柱,由各色各样的关联词架接拼联,建成仿佛是多层建筑的英语句子。汉语重意合,句中的各个成分借助于意义贯穿连接,很少使用关联词,往往由比较简短的并列句或分列单句组成,承上启下,讲究层次。”(冯庆华,2011:61)由于英汉两种语言结果的这种差异, 英汉语言表达方式也完全不同,英语习惯用前置性陈述,一般是先果后因。而汉语则相反, 一般是先因后果, 层层递进,最后综合,点出主题。因此笔者在翻译实践过程中,着重注意了两种语言的结构差异,为正确理解与翻译文本奠定了基础。同时笔者遵循“在翻译实践中,既要忠实于原文,又要保证译文符合中文的语言表达习惯,就需要译者先理清原文的信息内容与结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层次意思,然后分析各层次意思之间的相互逻辑关系,再按照汉语的特点与表达方式,正确地译出原文的意思。”(江涛,200811

笔者所翻译的文本,从句占很大比例,而从句中又以定语从句居多,表达了较为复杂的建筑景观概念与风格, 形式上庄重严肃。在笔者判断文本中的长句是否为定语从句时,主要遵循的原则是:“定语从句并不是一个完整的句子,关系词指代先行词或先行词的某种形式在定语从句中充当一个成分,这是判断一个句子是否为定语从句的关键”(蒋军虎,2009:1)。文本中的定语从句,就是从属于句子的一个组成单位,因为句子的组成单位是单词,所以定语从句在一个句子中所充当的角色和“单词”是一致的,即从句的表面形式是“句子结构”,本质上等同于一个“形容词”,即形容词性从句,它就在一个句子中充当定语的句子,一般放在所修饰的名词等成分之后,为后置定语的一种。因此在翻译文本的过程中,笔者在分析、解读与翻译定语从句时,就将其视作一个形容词来分析与翻译。如此一来,文本中定语从句的本质结构就会变得简洁明了,读起来也可抓住主干,便于接下来的理解与翻译。如何分析及翻译好文本中的定语从句则是笔者翻译实践的重点与难点,因此定语从句的正确理解与翻译就成为了笔者翻译实践的重要核心。

在笔者英汉翻译实践中,定语从句翻译的困难之处在于汉语中没有定语从句这种现象,有的只是定语修饰语,汉语中的定语修饰语一般是前置,呈左封闭状,并且不宜太长,结构也比较简单。而英语定语从句呈右开放状,可以向右无限扩展,它不仅有长有短、结构有简有繁、对先行词的限制有强有弱,而且含义繁多,具有不同意义。因此,笔者在翻译过程中, 会根据文本中定语从句的不同结构与不同含义, 采用不同的翻译方法。文本中的定语从句,包括限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的翻译,笔者将分别从这两方面进行阐述。

3.2 案例分析

3.2.1 文本中限定性定语从句的翻译

“限定性定语从句是用来对一个名词提供必要的信息a defining relative clause defines or gives essential information about a noun,以说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身份或性质,或用来限制先行词所指的范围。若去掉限定性定语从句,则主句部分的含义不明确,意思就会很模糊,句义也会不完整,所以不能用逗号来分隔先行词和定语从句” (张满胜,2013:52)。笔者在翻译文本过程中,分别采用了前置法、后置法、转换法。前置法:就是把较短的限定性定语从句一般译成带“的”的定语词组, 放在修饰词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,一般用于译法比较简单的定语从句,大都适用于限定性定语从句。后置法:如果定语从句结构复杂, 译成汉语前置定语显得太长,不符合汉语的表达习惯时, 往往可以译成后置的并列分句。转换法:就是将定语从句转化为副词性从句,也称状语化定语从句。定语从句有些在逻辑意义上与主句有状语关系,说明原因﹑结果﹑目的等关系,笔者翻译文本时会找出这种暗含的逻辑关系,然后译成汉语相应的分句。

案例1

In each unit there are large sliding doors leading to a common, communicating area that can be used also as cycling and running pathway - a kind of 'indoor street', containing corners for water plays and winter gardens. 

译文:每个活动区都有一个硕大的拉门,从这里可以通往一个公用的交流互动区。在这里,孩子们可以骑脚踏车,也可以跑步,它有着一种类似于“室内街”的布局,在区角内可以进行嬉水活动和观赏冬景花园。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词area,做从句的主语。定语从句较长,笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,译成并列分句,用代词“这里”代替了先行词,避免重复、逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例2

In the first two kindergartens each unit is furnished with two adjustable playing walls that are hinged in the centre, and that can provide multiple combinations of small and large rooms.

译文:在前两个幼儿园中,每一个活动区都配备了两面可供调节的活动墙,它们与中心连接,并根据需要可以提供大小各异房间的多样组合。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词walls,做从句的主语。定语从句较长,笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,译成并列分句, 用代词“它们”代替了先行词,避免重复,逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例3

In this building typology, the type of user who will occupy the space is very much taken into account.

译文:在建筑类型学中,空间的使用者往往是我们考虑问题的重点。

分析:关系代词who指代先行词user,做从句的主语。定语从句较短小,笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 置于被修饰的名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例4

The two story daycare center, with its compact, energy efficient mass, has a relatively small footprint and maximizes the area reserved for the playground which occupies the southern half of the plot.

译文:两层高的日托中心,内部结构紧凑,节能环保,建筑占地面积较小,为占据南半部的操场保留了最大的空间。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词playground,做从句的主语。笔者采用了前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 置于被修饰的名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例5

Each of the four units has an inner wardrobe that can be used as a playing area too.

译文: 四个活动区都有内置的隔间,这里可以作为孩子们游戏的场地。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词wardrobe,做从句的主语。笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,译成并列分句, 用代词“这里”代替了先行词,避免重复、逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例6

Easily adapted to the needs of children of different ages, the overall layout of the building supports interaction between groups and provides an environment that spires creativeness, learning, self-initiative and activity.

译文:托马里拉日托中心能够轻松满足不同年龄段孩子的需求,建筑内整体布局有利于促进孩子们相互交流的同时,也提供了一个良好的环境,以此来鼓励孩子们的创造性、热情和主动性。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词environment,做从句的主语。笔者采用了转换法,将定语从句转化为状语化定语从句,因为定语从句在逻辑意义上与主句有状语关系,说明目的。笔者在翻译时找出了这种暗含的逻辑意义,然后译成汉语相应的分句。

案例7

The classrooms are fully lined with untreated, local silver fire wood which conveys a pleasant and homelike atmosphere through its warm, soft character and natural wood fragrance.

译文:教室内主要饰以未经刻意雕琢的当地银衫木。银衫木质地柔软,并带有自然木质的淡香,为孩子们营造出了一种舒适如家的良好氛围。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词wood,做从句的主语。笔者采用了转换法,将定语从句转化为状语化定语从句,因为定语从句在逻辑意义上与主句有状语关系,说明目的。笔者在翻译时找出了这种暗含的逻辑意义,然后译成汉语相应的分句。

案例8

 

It is a city that is modernizing rapidly—skyscrapers are rising out of fallow fields, a new transportation system is extending the reach of the city, and environmental initiatives are improving air and water quality.

译文:这是一座现代化发展速度极快的城市——摩天大楼从闲置的田亩上拔地而起,新的交通系统不断将城市向外扩展,环境措施提高着空气与水体品质。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词city,做从句的主语。笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 放在被修饰名词之前, 从而将复合句译成了汉语单句。此句破折号之后是三个句子,起到进一步解释说明的作用,笔者将其翻译为中文的三个短句,逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例9

The landscape is the focus of the fourth principle of designing a landscape that is both beautiful and functional.

译文;第四个原则的核心是设计一个既美观又实用的景观

分析:关系代词that指代先行词landscape,作从句的主语。定语从句较简短,笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 放在被修饰名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例10

The challenge for the design of new urban space is to develop a contemporary city that properly reflects the new information age and one that results in a sophisticated, richly layered urban culture.

译文:设计新型都市空间的挑战之处在于发展一个可以彰显新信息时代的当代城市,同时形成一个精致而丰富的城市多元文化。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词city,作从句的主语。笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 放在被修饰名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,逻辑清晰。

案例11

The perforated corrugated sheet metal facades give the entire volume a feel of lightness and vibration that blends with the surroundings of the park.

译文:楼的外立面为打孔的波纹金属薄板,整体营造出一种轻盈明亮之感,它们与公园周边的环境融为一体。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词lightness and vibration,作从句的主语。笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,将其译成并列分句,用“它们”代替先行词,逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例12

In our proposal, apart from the large area devoted to gardens, the building becomes a "walk inside", due to the wide corridors that connect the various rooms.

译文:在我们的设计中,除了大面积的花园可以进行活动外,在建筑物内部也有与各个房间连接的宽阔走廊,也非常适合散步。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词corridors,作从句的主语。定语从句较简短,笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 置于被修饰名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例13:

This filter enhances the play of shadows and lights that is in harmony with those of the trees.

译文:如此渗透的视觉效果增加光与影的流动感,它们与树木和谐呼应。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词shadows and lights,作从句的主语。笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,将其译成并列分句,用“它们”代替先行词,避免重复、逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例14

The original horizontal structure has been transformed into a vertical articulation, creating a structure that is fully in keeping with the frontages of the inner city.

译文:最初的水平结构如今被改造成为垂直结构,形成了一个与市中心临街十分协调一致的建筑风格。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词structure,作从句的主语。笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 置于被修饰名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例15

These bright colors are used to mark the places where the students are allowed to access.

译文:,通过使用许多鲜艳夺目的颜色,来标识学生可以进入的场所。

分析:关系副词where指代先行词 places,在从句中作宾语。笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 置于被修饰名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例16

The Hakka are Han Chinese people whose ancestors are said to have originated in the Henan and Shanxi provinces of northern China over 1,700 years ago.

译文:据说客家人起源于1700年前的中华汉族祖先,他们最初生活在中国北方的河南省和山西省。

分析关系限定词whose指代先行词Han Chinese people,在从句中作定语。Whose意为谁的”,替代的是先行词的所有格形式因此他不能单独使用后面必须紧跟名词。笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,将其译成并列分句, 用代词“他们”代替了先行词,逻辑清晰。

案例17

The zone is interpreted as an archipelago existing of four different islands that house a large number of recreational facilities.

译文:辛克尔地区是由现存的四个不同岛屿组成的群岛,岛上有许多休闲娱乐设施。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词islands,作从句的主语。笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,将定语从句译成并列分句, 重复了先行词,逻辑清晰,结构严谨,符合中文的表达习惯。

案例18

Silo Park is located on a former cement depot, and a large silo that was once earmarked for removal has been retained, forming an iconic landmark.

译文:筒仓公园的位置过去曾是水泥仓库,这个曾被指定搬迁的大筒仓被保留了下来,形成了形象性地标。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词a large silo,作从句的主语。笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 置于被修饰的名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例19

Adjacent to Silo Park is a large bio-retention wetland that collects stormwater from the wider site.

译文:与筒仓公园相邻的是一片广袤的生物保留湿地,这里储藏了从更宽阔的地方汇集来的雨水。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词wetland,作从句的主语。笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,将其译成并列分句, 用代词“这里”代替了先行词,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例20

Evergreen species, with natural grass, help to create an atmosphere that defines the nature of the kindergarten while deciduous species offer a changing appearance through the seasons.

译文:常绿植物和自然草坪使幼儿园内的气氛,时时散发着大自然的气息,而落叶植物则能体现出校园中四季的不同变换。

分析: 关系代词that指代先行词atmosphere,在从句中作主语。定语从句较长,笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,译成并列分句,省略先行词,结构严谨﹑逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例21

Sasaki's master plan for NCC—selected in May 2012 for implementation —focuses on five structuring principles that underscore and support the overarching philosophy of the district: to bring industries with shared values and complementary skills and technologies together to help spark new ideas. 

译文:Sasaki为国家时尚创意中心制定的总体规划,于20125月采纳并实施。重点聚焦五大结构原则,强调并支持该地区的整体理念:将产业与共享的价值观以及互补的技能与技术结合在一起,激发出新思维的火花。

分析:关系代词that指代先行词principles,作从句的主语。定语从句较长,笔者采用了“后置法”翻译,将其译成并列分句,省略了先行词,避免重复,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例22

The compact building which is situated on the northwestern boundary of the project site makes it possible to keep the rest of the property free and provides the maximum open recreational space which is further planned for a variety of outdoor uses.

译文:位于项目蓝图西北端的复合式教学楼,使得免费使用设施成为可能,为将来计划进行的各类户外活动创造出极大的开放空间。

分析:此句包含两个限制性定语从句,第一个关系代词which指代先行词building,作从句的主语。笔者采用的是前置法,把定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组,置于被修饰的名词之前,从而将复合句译成汉语单句。第二个关系代词which指代先行词space,作从句的主语。这个定语从句在逻辑意义上与主句有状语关系,笔者在翻译时找出了这种暗含的逻辑意义,将定语从句转化为状语化定语从句,表明目的,译成了汉语相应的分句。

小结:针对文本中的限制性定语从句的翻译,笔者主要采用了前置法、后置法、转换法。⑴当文本中的定语从句主要用来限制和定义被修饰词,并且较短时, 笔者采用了前置法,译成汉语的“的”字结构, 置于被修饰词之前, 以达到限制、强调、突出重点的作用。⑵当文本中的定语从句结构复杂, 译成汉语前置定语会显得头重脚轻又太长时,为了更加符合汉语的表达习惯, 笔者将定语从句译成后置的并列分句,采用了后置法翻译。笔者根据具体情况,又分别按三种情况翻译:①译成并列分句, 重复英语先行词;②译成并列分句, 省略英语先行词;③译成并列分句,用代词代替之前的英语先行词。⑶同时文本中有些形式上是定语从句, 但从语义逻辑关系上分析则起着状语从句的作用,这种定语从句,称其为状语性定语从句。在翻译这类从句时, 笔者采用了转换法,即根据定语从句和先行词以及整个主从句的内在关系, 将其译成相应的状语从句,表示目的等。同时文本中的句子较长,多用动词, 语序较为固定, 句法讲究对称。因此笔者在进行翻译实践时, 没有把每一个英语句子都译成相对应的汉语句子, 否则译文就会出现逻辑不清﹑层次不明等问题, 这时采用以上不同的翻译方法是较合理的,能够有效解决相关问题。

3.2.2 文本中非限定性定语从句的翻译

“非限定性定语从句是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息,是可有可无的,先行词本身意义明确,非限定性定语从句只是对先行词作进一步的解释﹑补充或说明(a non-defining relative clause gives optional information about a noun),对先行词的“限制”作用不强,彼此关系相对松散。”(张满胜,2013:52)非限定性定语从句与其先行词之间一般是用逗号隔开,这是笔者判断一个句子为非限定性定语从句的重要特征。在意义和逻辑上,文本中的非限定性定语从句相当于并列句,甚至状语从句,笔者在翻译文本时会根据意义和逻辑灵活翻译。文本中关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句占多数,由于这类定语从句还经常与并列结构结合起来,所以容易分不清which指代的对象,因此笔者首先要寻找which指代的对象,关键是要找准先行词,如此才不会理解错误进而翻译有误。文本中的非限定性定语从句包括两类,第一类是先行词为词或词组,即关系词指代的先行词是单纯地一个名词或是名词词组,非限定性定语从句对其进行进一步的解释说明与补充。第二类关系词指代的是前面的整个句子,非限定性定语从句对其进行总结与概述。笔者将分别从这两个方面对文本中的非限定性定语从句的翻译进行总结。

3.2.2.1文本中关系词指代词或词组的翻译

案例1

The program defined by the Government of Aragon, which includes 12 classrooms, dining-hall and complementary spaces, breaks into an open layout that allows it to make a perceivable environment for children and ensure the lighting and natural ventilation in all spaces.

译文:此项目是由亚拉贡政府提出,它包含12间教室、1间餐厅和相应的互补空间这些开放式的布局使得孩子们更易于接触到周围的环境,同时也确保了这些场所的日照与空气流通。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词the program,在从句中做主语。此句中先行词与关系代词被分隔,中间插入了一个其他成分。笔者初看which引导的定语从句在名词Aragon的后面,似乎应该是修饰Aragon,但实际上Which引导的非限制性定语从句是修饰先行词the program, 两者被the government of Aragon这个成分分隔开来,因此在笔者理解与翻译时,特别注意了定语从句被分隔的情况,没有造成理解与翻译错误。笔者将这个非限制性定语从句翻译为一个并列分句,将关系代词指代的名词译为“它”,避免重复、逻辑较清晰,符合中文多短句的表达方式。

案例2

Science Parks are organizations managed by specialized professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions.

译文:科技园是由一些行内人士管理的组织,他们的主要目的旨在通过促进文化创新和提高关联产业与知识型体系的核心竞争力来提高社区的财富。

分析:关系词whose在这里指代的是先行词specialized professionals的所有格形式,因而不能单独使用,后面紧跟了名词main aim笔者将关系词指代的名词译为人称代词“他们”, 做第二个分句的主语, 定语从句被译为第二个分句,如此一来,译文避免重复、条理清晰。

案例3

Science Parks are a sort of specialized Industrial Parks, which allow the interaction between education, research and technology development.

译文:科技园都是一些专业化的工业园区,使教育、科研与技术开发达到最佳的融合。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词industrial parks,在从句中做主语。翻译方法是将非限制性定语从句译为一个并列分句,逻辑较清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例4

The architects viewed the project as a unique opportunity to construct a public space, which challenges the common contrast between private and public development, and suggests a new agenda of hospitality for collective open spaces.

译文:建筑师们把这个项目视为一个塑造公共空间千载难逢的机会,以此来挑战普遍为人们所接受的私人开发项目与公共开发项目相对立的观念,同时提出公共开放空间要环境亲民的新主张。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词public space,作从句的主语,对先行词起到补充说明的作用。笔者将非限制性定语从句译成并列, 分句, 省略了先行词,避免重复,使得译文简练,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例5

The entrance of the second is at the back of the first, which have been mingled with some available dwelling houses, and there are some land separated from each other.

译文:二期入口在一期背面, 一期与一些现有的住宅毗邻,中间隔有空地。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词the first,作从句的主语。笔者将其翻译为一个并列分句,重复先行词,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例6

The wings of the building house the bedrooms, which are arranged around a central core of bathrooms to free up the full width of the living space and orientate it towards a bow window.

译文:建筑物的两侧设有卧室,卧室都围绕在中央浴室的四周,可以最大限度地扩展居住空间,向东朝向拱形窗。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词bedrooms,在从句中做主语。笔者将非限制性定语从句翻译成一个并列分句,重复关系代词所指代的先行词,逻辑较清晰,符合汉语多短句的表达习惯。

案例7

The architecture created by the Philippon Kalt team offers these very sensitive elderly people, who can become disoriented and stressed in confined spaces, a welcoming, spacious, and luminous living environment. 

译文:由Philippon Kalt团队设计的建筑,旨在为那些身处封闭空间就易困惑紧张又敏感的老年人,提供一个热情、宽敞、明亮的居住环境。

分析:关系代词who指代的先行词elderly people ,在从句中做主语。将非限定性定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组, 置于被修饰名词之前, 从而将复合句译成汉语单句,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例8

The new retirement home is an H-shaped building, at the centre of which is an atrium, open on each of the building’s three levels, which houses the service areas and residents’ day rooms.

译文:崭新的老年公寓建筑呈H型结构,中央地带设置了中庭,分别可以通往建筑的三层楼,各楼层都设有服务区与房客日间娱乐室。

分析:此句包含两个定语从句,其中第一个关系代词which之前有一个介词词组at the centre of,两者合一等同于关系副词where在从句中作地点状语,表示地点。笔者将其翻译成并列分句,逻辑清晰。第二个关系代词which指代的先行词the building’s three levels,在从句中做主语,笔者同样将其翻译为一个并列分句,并重复关系代词所指代的名词,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例9

The design introduces an extensive undulating, non-hierarchical surface, that acts both as a reflection of the mythological dunes, and as an open invitation to free interpretations and unstructured activities.

译文:方案营造了一处开阔、波状起伏的场地,它是港口原来神奇沙丘的缩影,同时可进行各种自由表演,及举办各种非正式的活动。

分析:关系代词that指代的先行词surface,在从句中做主语。笔者将定语从句翻译为一个并列分句,将关系代词所指代的名词译为代词“它”, 做第二个分句的主语, 避免重复,逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例10

5 landscape themes, which best represents the tropical mood, - the mangrove swamp, rock garden, rolling hills and terrain, costal floral, and tropical rainforest - are introduced along the boardwalk to orchestrate a diversified environment to evoke an ever-changing experience along the bridge. 

译文:沿路有五个花园主题区:红树林湿地、岩石庭院、起伏的小丘陵、沿海植物区和热带雨林,以此来诠释热带风情。这样的精心设计为的是使人们能够体验到多元化的环境,使人们能体验步行道周边千变万化的景致。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词landscape themes,作从句的主语,对先行词起到补充说明的作用。笔者将非限制性定语从句译成并列分句,省略先行词,避免重复,使得译文简练,逻辑较清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例11

The sharp angle between the fingers makes a sort of a fake-perspective effect, which gives you the feeling of a bigger space.

译文:狭长楼之间形成的尖角,产生了一种视觉假象,使得人们体验到了空间开阔感。

分析:关系代词which指代的先行词a fake-perspective effect,在从句中做主语。笔者将定语从句翻译成一个并列分句,省略了关系代词所指代的名词, 避免重复,符合中文多短语的表达习惯。

案例12:

The avenue is lined with a series of three to five storey buildings, all of which include ground level display and retail spaces, intended to bring a genuine “street life” to the district.     

译文:该街道两旁坐落着许多三至五层的低层建筑,这些建筑的一层都是展示区和零售店,旨在为这里带来一种真实的街道生活

分析:关系代词all of which指代先行词buildings,在从句中做主语。笔者将其翻译成一个并列分句,同时重复关系代词所指代的名词,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例13

The added floor ends with a series of roof caps, the apartments are cozy under the coverswhich soften the massive character of the original building.

译文:新增高的楼层顶端有许多顶板,不仅使顶板下面的公寓环境非常舒适,同时还减轻了原有房屋的厚重感。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词covers,作从句的主语。笔者将非限定性定语从句翻译为一个并列分句,省略了关系代词所指代的名词,避免重复、逻辑较清晰,符合汉语多短句的表达习惯。

案例14

At the centre of the masterplan is a public square and pedestrian zone, which connects north across a new bridge to the CBD and south to the new museum and conference centre.

译文:总体规划的中心是一个公共广场和步行区,这里通过一座新建的步行桥与北侧的CBD连接,与南侧的新博物馆和会议中心连接。

分析:关系代词which指代的先行词square and zone,在从句中做主语。笔者将非限定性定语从句翻译为一个并列分句,用指示代词“这里”代替关系代词所指代的名词,避免重复,符合汉语多短语的表达习惯。

案例15

The interior space consists of three floors, which form spaces with different heights.

译文:建筑内有三层楼,每层有不同的高度。

分析:关系代词which指代先行词floors,做从句的主语。笔者将非限制性定语从句翻译成一个并列分句,重复关系代词所指代的先行词,逻辑较清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例16

This project is situated on the Littoral Parc site, which is often criticised for having brought too many commercial activities to its strategic location on the Riviera vaudoise on the banks of Lake Geneva.

译文:此项目坐落于帕洛阿尔托滨海公园地带,由于它地处日内瓦湖畔里维埃拉的战略位置,而常被指责商业活动过多。

分析:关系代词which指代的先行词project,在从句中做主语。此句中先行词与关系代词被分隔,中间插入了一个其他成分。笔者初看which引导的定语从句在名词site的后面,似乎应该是修饰site,但实际上Which引导的定语从句是修饰先行词project, 两者被the littoral parc site这个成分分隔开来,因此在笔者理解与翻译时,特别注意了定语从句被分隔的情况,没有造成理解和翻译上的错误。笔者将定语从句翻译为两个并列分句,将关系代词所指代的名词译为人称代词“它”, 做第二个分句的主语, 逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

小结:笔者在翻译先行词为词或词组的非限定性定语从句时,注意了它与翻译限定性定语从句的不同,关键是先要理清主从句的逻辑关系,笔者在此基础上翻译,译文才会比较准确通顺。非限定性定语从句和它的先行词之间是比较松散的关系,对先行词不起限定的作用,只是对其起到进一步解释说明的作用。因此笔者翻译非限定性定语从句时,没有采用“前置法”,将其翻译成带“的”定语词组,置于被修饰名词之前,那样也会显得头重脚轻, 不符合汉语表达习惯。当文本中关系词指代名词或名词词组时,一般将其译成并列分句。笔者在翻译过程中,根据非限定性定语从句的不同结构和不同含义, 具体采用了以下三种翻译方法:

1)  重复关系代词所指代的名词, 有时可以在名词前加指示代词“这”。

2)将关系代词所指代的名词译为人称代词“它”﹑“它们”或“他”“他们”, 做第二个分句的主语, 一般是定语从句被译为第二个分句。

3)省略关系代词所指代的名词,避免重复,使得译文更加的简练。

同时,文本中某些定语从句也存在被分隔的情况,即分隔定语从句。“定语从句都是通过一个关系词和主句连接起来,定语从句一般紧跟在被它修饰的先行词之后,关系词在意义上等同于先行词,但要特别注意的是,有时候关系词和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句。”(江涛,200871)因此,笔者在阅读文本时会特别注意关系词的指代对象,以免产生理解与翻译错误。

3.2.2.2文本中关系词指代句子的翻译

案例17

Both kindergarten concepts are an exploration of children’s scale and imaginative world – fairytales with themes of transition, conversion and surprise, which are an inspiration for the design of rooms and playing walls.

译文:幼儿园的两种设计理念都是为了符合孩子们爱探险的个性,同时营造出富有想象力的空间—以多变与惊奇为主题的童话世界,这些都是设计房间和活动墙的灵感来源之所在。

分析:关系代词which指代的是前面的整个句子,作从句中的主语。“设计理念”和“营造富有想象力的空间”两者是平行并列的关系,它们都是“设计房间和活动墙的灵感来源”。因此定语从句是对前面内容的总结,笔者将其翻译为一个独立句。如此一来,译文逻辑就较为清晰,易于读者理解。而译文中破折号后面的内容是对“富有想象力的空间”的进一步解释说明。

案例18

The open space concept also shapes an unmistakable atmosphere for corporate culture, for a rather casual working style and a climate of interaction and communication, all of which are necessary for fostering innovation and progress.

译文:开放式空间理念也为企业文化塑造了良好的气氛,迎合了一种较为休闲的工作方式和互动与沟通相结合的风气,所有这些对于创新与发展都是十分必要的。

分析:关系代词which指代的是前面的整个句子,作从句中的主语。阐述“开放式的空间理念”“休闲的工作方式与互动沟通的风气”两者共同作用对于“创新与发展”的必要性。两者是平行并列关系,笔者在翻译此句时,分别译成两个并列分句,达到了句式的平行与平等的逻辑关系,而非限定性定语从句是对前面内容的总结与概况,因此笔者将其翻译为一个独立句。这样一来,译文逻辑较清晰,并符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例19

The strategy is based in the concepts of additive architecture and carpet-building, from the definition of the class as a unit or cell-types and their grouping into an open, flexible and extensive nature, setting up a rug or carpet on the ground, which defines the alternation between interior and exterior spaces.

译文:该设计以加法建筑与地毯式建筑为理念,来源于以班级为单位的设计概念,教室聚落于开放﹑灵活而又广阔的“自然环境”中,教室地面铺有地毯,这些共同为孩子们营造出一块介于“室内”与“户外”之间交替空间。

分析: 关系代词which指代的是前面的整个句子,作从句中的主语。“班级”“教室”“地毯”三者共同作用来达到“为孩子们营造出室内与户外的交替空间”。三者是平行并列关系,笔者在翻译此句时,分别译成三个分句,达到了句式的平行与平等的逻辑关系,而非限定性定语从句是对前面内容的总结与概况,因此笔者将其翻译为一个独立句。逻辑清晰,同时符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例20

Light grey color is a neutral colorwhich means that the door can only be accessed by staff.

译文:通过使用浅灰色的中间色,以此来标志只有教职员工才可以入内。

分析:关系代词which指代的是前面的整个句子,作从句中的主语。定语从句在逻辑意义上与主句有状语关系,说明目的。笔者在理解与翻译时找出了这种暗含的逻辑意义,将其译成汉语相应的分句,译文易于理解,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

案例21

A grand axis with a pedestrian focus and rich, informal planting, this ‘boulevard’ establishes a new public realm language for Auckland, which promotes a civic presence with an indigenous character.

译文:这条步行道形成巨大的轴线,道旁栽种一些茂盛的普通植物,这条林荫大道为奥克兰诠释了一种全新的公共空间风格,这些都有利于利用本土特色提升市民的参与度。

分析:关系代词which指代的是前面的整个句子,作从句中的主语。“步行道”“普通植物”“公共空间风格”三者共同作用,从而“提升了市民的参与度”。三者是平行并列关系,笔者在翻译此句时,分别译成三个句子,达到了句式平行与平等的逻辑关系,定语从句是对前面内容的总结与概况,因此笔者将其翻译为一个独立句。译文逻辑清晰,符合中文多短句的表达习惯。

小结:当非限定性定语从句中的关系代词which指代前面的整个主句时,它是对主句内容的阐述与总结, 具有一定的独立意义,关系代词which 引导的定语从句一般都是位于主句之后。因此, 笔者在翻译时, 会将非限定性定语从句翻译为一个分句, 甚至是独立的简单句,采用的方法是分译法,即译成独立句,将从句与主句分译,独立成句,使用了代词“ 这、这些”来代替之前的主句内容,避免了重复。


第4章 实践总结

以上是笔者翻译活动的实践报告,报告着重分析与归纳了文本中的定语从句与相关的翻译策略。通过本次翻译实践活动,笔者有以下感悟:

1 翻译价值,始于笔下

在翻译时,译者就是一座桥,他使生活在桥两头有着截然不同思想观念﹑生活习惯及语言文化的人都能够交流无障碍,能够促进不同文化间的交流与沟通,能够分享与学习彼此先进的科学技术等。通过笔者对文本的翻译与出版社对书籍的出版发行,使得中国的建筑师与建筑爱好者了解到国外建筑景观的美妙之处,享受到了它们的艺术之美,促进了不同国家间的文化交流。使笔者认识到译者的职责是伟大的,是值得用一生去追求的事业。

2.储备知识、勤于实践

作为一名译员,相关的外语知识与技能是必不可少的,为了达到这一个目标,笔者需要不断地提高自身外语专业水平与翻译技能,还要经常地参与到翻译实践中去,如此一来,才能理论与实践相结合,才能为将来做好一名译员奠定基础。同时笔者还应该丰富自身的百科知识,这是作为一名合格译员的必备条件。例如此次的翻译实践活动,需要笔者对建筑景观类的背景知识多些了解,才能有效地开展翻译实践活动。可见,丰富的知识储备对于译员的必要性与重要性。

3.充分准备、及时校对:

翻译文本前,笔者首先查阅了景观建筑的相关背景知识,对文本在宏观上有了大致的认识与了解,它是进行翻译实践活动的基础。其次,要读懂文本, 搞清楚原文中涉及的方方面面, 点点滴滴。理解首先就要对原文的词汇与句法进行理解与解构,读懂文本中词汇的含义与句法的逻辑关系。笔者认为翻译不仅是语言形式的转换, 也是笔者积极的思维认知活动。笔者对原文结构进行的分析便是一个能动的认知过程,这是做好翻译的第一步。其次,在读懂原文的基础上,再用符合目标语表达习惯的方式表达出来。最后,笔者要对译文进行多次阅读与修改,进行多次自我审核、他人审核、自己校对与他人校对。俗话说“好的译文都是修改出来的”,可见译文质量的优劣与审核与校对息息相关,意义重大。

4 翻译策略,灵活多变

笔者认为翻译不同类型和体裁的文章, 应该运用不同的翻译原则与方法, 这是当代翻译理论的核心。在翻译实践中,笔者针对文本中这类实用性文章, 翻译时以传递信息为目的,也就是说, 笔者的翻译原则是以内容准确为中心, 以目标语读者为中心,因此笔者采用“直译”较多。而不必像文学翻译那样,时常要采用“意译”的翻译方法。如果今后笔者再遇到其他题材的文本翻译,就必须采用其他翻译策略和方法,不能一成不变。因此,不断更新与学习新的翻译理论与翻译策略是作好一名译员必备的要求。

在翻译实践过程中,笔者学到了很多,收获很大。在整个实践过程中,得到了导师的大力支持与帮助。同时开题小组老师们也给出了许多宝贵的意见,这些都使笔者受益匪浅。通过这次翻译实践,笔者深刻认识到自身的不足,更加明确了前进的目标与方向,这也将成为笔者今后不断学习与进步的动力。在今后的翻译工作中,笔者会不断严格要求自己,认真学好外语专业知识的同时,多参与翻译实践活动,在专业理论与翻译技能方面,都能获得提高与进步。在此,我诚挚地表达对老师们的感谢。


参考文献

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附录1 原文与译文

Schinkeleilanden

辛克尔小岛

The Schinkel zone is an area along the Schinkel channel, located on the fringe of Amsterdam. The zone is interpreted as an archipelago existing of four different islands that house a large number of recreational facilities. The backbone of the design is a recreational and ecological connection between the Vondelpark and the Amsterdam Forest, using an old railway embankment. The various functions determine the nature of the islands: There is a tennis island, an island of boat houses, a soccer island, a park island and a nature island. By increasing the total area of water and using piers, platforms, bridges and reed beds, the presence of water is felt more directly. The area becomes a unique Water Park forming a new entrance for the city of Amsterdam.

辛克尔地区位于辛克尔运河沿线,坐落于阿姆斯特丹边缘。它是由现存的四个不同岛屿组成的群岛,岛上有许多的休闲娱乐设施。设计中保留了旧的铁路路堤,核心目的是为实现冯德尔公园和阿姆斯特丹森林之间娱乐休闲与生态保护的有效结合。不同的功能决定了这些岛屿的特质:这里有可以打网球的岛屿,有可以用作船库的岛屿,有可以踢足球的岛屿,有公园式的岛屿,还有可以接近大自然的岛屿。通过扩大水域面积和使用码头、平台、桥梁和苇丛河床,人们可以更近距离地接触到这片水域。这片区域成为了一个独特的水上公园,形成了一个通往阿姆斯特丹的新入口。

Sentosa Boardwalk

圣淘沙跨海步行道

The Sentosa Boardwalk is built on a new structure, over the sea and abutting the existing Sentosa Bridge, with an overall length of 670 metres. The Boardwalk mainly serves as a link to facilitate pedestrian flow between the two neighboring development, connecting the Sentosa Island with Vivocity seamlessly. Situated near the apex of the Southern Ridges, the Boardwalk design seeks to extend this greenbelt into the Sentosa Island in celebration of tropical living in Singapore.

圣淘沙跨海步行道总长度为670,毗邻原有的圣淘沙岛大桥,是新建的跨海通道。步行道实现了圣淘沙岛与怡丰城商场之间的无缝连接,为往来的行人提供了便利。步行道位于南部山脊最高端,其设计力图延伸这片通往圣淘沙岛的绿色地带,以体现新加坡的热带风情。

5 landscape themes which best represents the tropical mood, - the mangrove swamp, rock garden, rolling hills and terrain, costal floral, and tropical rainforest - are introduced along the boardwalk to orchestrate a diversified environment to evoke an ever-changing experience along the bridge. With an area of 16,400sqm, the timber deck is designed to push the boundaries of a bridge beyond a means of transport, by assuming of a role as a public space, allowing users to rest, play and dine along a lush garden set on the sea front. To incorporate these spaces while maintaining the imagery of a timber bridge, the timber surfaces peel and fold organically to carve out spaces, seating and undulating terrain. This creates an aesthetic interplay of contrast between the intended rustic experiences, with the contemporary urban setting. 

沿路有五个花园主题区:红树林湿地、岩石庭院起伏的小丘陵、沿海植物区和热带雨林这样的精心设计为的是让人们能够体验到多元化的环境,使人们得以体验步行道周边千变万化的景致。占地16400平方米的观景木台的设计,使木板桥不仅仅局限为交通通道,而且可以作为一个公共的空间,为游客提供休息,娱乐与进餐的场所并享受位于海滨区的繁茂花园。为了结合这些景观的同时还能维持木板桥的景致,木料表层自然剥落褶皱,做出各式空间、座椅和波动起伏的地势。这种特意设计出的乡村质朴风与现代城市环境之间形成强烈对比,具有审美冲击。

Situated along the sea front, the permeability and openness of the circulatory spaces ensures that users are constantly exposed to natural elements such as sun, sea breeze and lush greenery while visually connected to the sea view in the horizon. This seamless connection with adjacent development seeks to encourage users to step into the open and embrace nature. Night lighting created by light sculptures placed along the boardwalk is subtle at the start of the journey from Vivocity and progressively illuminates brighter towards the climax at the end of the Boardwalk. This creates a dynamic identity of the Boardwalk and a sense of anticipation of entering the vibrant Sentosa Island.

因其地处滨海区,使其循环空间的渗透性与开放性能确保游客能够时常地接触到诸如阳光、海风与茂盛绿色植物等的自然条件。同时在视觉上也能接近到海平面上的海洋风景。这种天衣无缝的结合与发展是为了鼓励游客接近与拥抱大自然。沿步行路的灯光雕像提供夜间照明。从怡丰城商场处开始灯光渐渐由弱变强,到步行路的尽头处最为强烈。这样的灯光效果使步行道动态变化,进入圣淘沙岛的一路上充满希翼。

Tel Aviv Port Public Space Regeneration

特拉维夫港口公共空间的改造

Situated on one of Israel's most breathtaking waterfronts, the Tel Aviv Port was plagued with neglect since 1965, when its primary use as an operational docking port was abandoned. The recently completed public space development project by Mayslits Kassif Architects, managed to restore this unique part of the city, and turn it into a prominent, vivacious urban landmark.

特拉维夫港口位于风光旖旎的以色列滨水之畔,原是一座货运港口,但自从1965年停用之后,便淡出了人们的视野。最近由Mayslits Kassif建筑事务所完成的公共空间开发项目,力图重建特拉维夫市这一独特的区域,并将它打造成为突出且富有活力的城市地标。

The architects viewed the project as a unique opportunity to construct a public space which challenges the common contrast between private and public development, and suggests a new agenda of hospitality for collective open spaces. The design, a winner of an open competition held in 2003 (entry submitted by Mayslits Kassif Architects in collaboration with Galila Yavin) was quickly brought to life by a new management, with locals and visitors flocking to the revamped port even before the project was completed.

建筑师们把这个项目视为塑造公共空间千载难逢的机会,挑战普遍为人们接受的私人开发项目及公共土地开发项目对立的观念,提出公共露天空间要环境亲民的新主张。这个设计在2003年投标竞赛中脱颖而出(由Mayslits Kassif建筑事务所与 和Galila Yavin 合作),并通过全新的项目运作,很快得以实施。在此项目未完全竣工时,当地居民和游客就已成群地涌向这个翻建的港口去一睹它的风采。

The design introduces an extensive undulating, non-hierarchical surface, that acts both as a reflection of the mythological dunes on which the port was built, and as an open invitation to free interpretations and unstructured activities. Various public and social initiatives – from spontaneous rallies to artistic endeavors and public acts of solidarity – are now drawn to this unique urban platform, indicating the project's success in reinventing the port as a vibrant public sphere. 

方案营造了一处开阔、波状起伏的场地,它是港口原来神奇沙丘的缩影,同时也可进行各种自由表演,及举行各种非正式的活动。多样化的公共政治与社会活动——即兴集会、艺术活动、团体演出——都被纳入这个独特的城市舞台,表明项目已成功地将港口改造成为一个生机勃勃的公共空间。

Nowadays when approximately 2.5 million people visit the Tel Aviv Port every year– a record number for a metropolitan area spanning 1 million residents, in a country of 7 million - the port's public spaces renewal is considered one of the most influential project of its kind in Tel Aviv. Alongside receiving international recognition and several prestigious architectural awards, such as the Rosa Barba European Landscape Prize for 2010, it receives great affection from the public and is ranked as the most beloved recreation space by the inhabitants of Tel Aviv's metropolitan area. Being a new urban landmark which revives the city's waterfront, the project became a trigger for a series of public space projects along Tel Aviv’s shoreline which altogether revolutionize the city's connection to its waterfront.

如今,每年大约有250万人参观特拉维夫港,这对人口100万的特拉维夫市,乃至全国人口700万的以色列来说,都是个历史纪录。港口公共空间的改造被认为是特拉维夫市此类项目中最具影响力的项目之一。特拉维夫港口深受公众的喜爱,它被列为特拉维夫都市区居民最喜爱的休闲娱乐场所。除此之外它还获得了国际认可和一系列颇有声望的建筑学奖项,如2010年度俄罗莎·芭芭欧洲景观奖。作为复兴城市水域的新城市地标,此项目触发了特拉维夫海岸区域一系列公共空间项目,由此带来城市与水域关系的变革。

The intervention in the Ebro Banks 

埃布罗河畔的干预项目

The north boundary of the Tenerías - Las Fuentes project area covered the space along the right bank between the Ebro river bed and the buildings that comprise the north edge of the Tenerías and Fuentes districts, running as far as the location of the future dam (calle Fray Luis Urbano) to the east and the Puente de Hierro (Iron Bridge, from the XIX century) to the west.

项目位于西班牙拉斯富恩特斯的Tenerías,该区北起埃布罗河河床的右岸及建筑群之间,向东可以延伸到规划中的水坝(弗赖路易斯乌尔巴诺水坝),西至Puente de Hierro桥(19世纪铁桥)。

This is a built-up area consisting of the Echegaray and Caballero promenade and a park running lengthwise between this avenue and the river Ebro.The possibility of creating a walkway along the right bank of the Ebro through a garden area running from the iron bridge along Echegaray promenade to near the bridge on the third ring road, taking into account the future Ebro dam pedestrian link, makes this project an outstanding route for pedestrians through the city. 

该建成区由埃切加赖和卡瓦列罗步行道,以及一个在步行道与埃布罗河之间纵向延伸的公园所组成。该项目造就了一条穿城而过的绝佳步行线路,它沿着埃布罗河右岸,穿过花园区,以铁桥为起点,顺着埃切加赖步行道一直延伸到位于第三环形路上的大桥附近,将来还可以与埃布罗大坝步行路相连。

The project creates a pedestrian link between the centre of the city and the natural setting of Soto de Cantalobos and the river Gállego water park, and creates a network of routes running the length of the project area, clearly differentiating between the roads and paths for cars, bicycles and pedestrians in the city, and those for water, sports, leisure and pedestrian activities in natural settings.The project enhances the view from this area towards the Virgen del Pilar’s Basilica, creating a link between the project area and the city centre thanks to one of its most famous landmarks.

该项目在市中心和Soto de Cantalobos 自然景观与Gállego水上公园之间建造了一条人行通道,区域内道路四通八达,清晰地分为汽车路、自行车路与行人路,自然景观中也划定了水域、运动、休闲及散步活动区域。从项目向皮拉尔圣母大教堂眺望,风景秀美,项目将本区域与市中心联系起来,使它成为了该地区最有名的地标之一。

Trafford Wharf Promenade

特拉福德滨河长廊

Quayside designed by London-based FoRM Associates in front of Imperial War Museum North by Daniel Libeskind is now open to the public.

The new quayside completes the first section of the Irwell River Park masterplan, 8km long river edge park linking Salford, Manchester and Trafford developed by FoRM Associates in 2010. With the adjoining new Media City foot bridge by Wilkinson Eyre Architects the quayside delivers an important new strategic circulation loop in the Quays, a key regeneration zone in Greater Manchester. The loop helps to transforms the experience of walking in the area through linking Media City UK - the new home of the BBC, with the IWMN, Manchester United Stadium and Lowry Arts Centre. 

该码头项目位于丹尼尔·利伯斯金设计的曼彻斯特帝国战争博物馆前方,由总部在伦敦的FORM Associates设计事务所设计,现在已对外公众开放。8公里长的河畔公园连接了索尔福特、曼彻斯特和特拉福德,它是由FORM Associates2010年开发的项目,新的码头广场完成了艾尔韦尔河公园总体规划设计的第一期。码头广场连接了由威尔金森·艾尔设计的新媒体城步行天桥,在码头区域内形成一条全新又重要的策略性的环形路线,构成了大曼彻斯特地区主要的重建区域。这个环形路线有助于通过打通英国媒体城英国广播公司新总部大楼、曼彻斯特帝国战争博物馆,以及曼彻斯特联队体育场和洛利艺术中心之间的联系,丰富了该地区人们的步行新体验。

FORM’s design of the quayside plays with convex and concave geometries, creating an imaginative public realm complementing the designs of both the IWMN and the new Media Bridge.  Importantly the project also actively orientates the IWMN towards its water edge with its newly constructed additional entrance now admitting over 50% of the museums visitors. The original severance to movement along the Manchester Ship Canal was resolved by a newly constructed deck and stepped area built over water, delivering generous pedestrian and cycling connectivity as well as a series of public realm spaces that serve as informal performance/educational resource for the museum. Terraced seating leading down to the water’s edge provides excellent views of the area making the new quayside already a popular destination both during the day and the evenings.

FORM对于码头广场周边的设计采用凹凸结合的几何造型,打造出一个充满想象力的公共空间,与曼彻斯特帝国战争博物馆及新媒体桥的设计形成互补之势。该项目独特之处在于,灵活地利用新建的另一入口,将曼彻斯特帝国战争博物馆面水一侧开放,该入口处现可接纳超过一半的游客进入。过去沿曼彻斯特运河交通阻滞,如今,新建的桥面及水上阶梯使得宽阔的步行道和自行车道得以延伸,也为博物馆提供了一系列用于非正式演出/教育资源服务的公共空间。阶梯状座椅沿坡一直延伸到水边,打造出了这一区域具有了极佳的视野,使得码头广场无论是在白天还是黑夜都成为深受喜爱的旅游目的地。

“FORM Associates were not known to Peel before the Trafford Wharf commission. They proved to be one of the most innovative and professional consultants I have worked with. The project was delivered not just on time and entirely within a tight budget but with great flair and imagination. FORM clearly understood their brief and delivered not just a visual delight but, in concert with the structural engineer produced a technically sound and simply constructed solution.” Ed Burrows, Property Director, Peel Media

FORM Associates是在特拉福德滨河长廊项目之后才被Peel媒体所熟知,实践证明他们是我合作过的最有创新意识和最为专业的顾问团之一。该项目工期紧、预算紧,但都能按时交付,且极具创意和想象力。FORM 很清楚他们的宗旨,在创造出建筑视觉盛宴的同时,与结构工程师通力合作,提出技术合理、

构造简洁的解决方案。”任职于Peel 媒体的主管艾德 ·巴罗斯说道。

North Wharf Promenade, Jellicoe Street and Silo Park

新西兰杰利科北部码头漫步长廊,杰利科街道和筒仓公园

The first catalytic projects of this redevelopment are public spaces centered on Jellicoe Street, North Wharf and Silo Park. These spaces promote an alternative design approach to the typical erasure of waterfront memory. Here, friction is encouraged, smelly fish are the attraction, rust, grit and patina are embraced and derelict artefacts are reprogrammed. Jellicoe Harbour runs parallel to North Wharf Promenade and is used for a diverse array of purposes, including container shipping, ferry services and commercial fishing. Previously, these activities were conducted out of the public eye. Now, however, they are part of the public realm experience and integrated as attractions.

项目位于以新西兰杰利科港北部码头、杰利科大道和筒仓公园为中心的公共用地,是重建开发工程中第一个起到促进的作用项目,并催生了一种以独特的方式颠覆了人们对于海滨传统印象的设计方案。在这里鼓励特立独行,发臭的鱼成了招徕景致,锈迹斑斑、粗砂以及铜绿的材料都应用于此,连被遗弃的人工制品也被重新雕饰。平行于杰利科北部码头漫步长廊的杰利科港用途广泛,包括集装箱货运、轮渡服务和商业捕鱼。之前已经在公共视野里消失的这些活动,经过这次重新整合之后,如今已经成为了公共领域体验的一部分,并且极具吸引力。

A grand axis with a pedestrian focus and rich, informal planting, this ‘boulevard’ establishes a new public realm language for Auckland, one that promotes a civic presence with an indigenous character. Through the narrowing of the overall road dimensions and the introduction of a new tram network, Jellicoe Street prioritises pedestrian circulation over heavy vehicular traffic. The introduction of rough sawn granite setts, fingers of sub-tropical rain gardens, seating and bicycle lanes encourage a human scale interaction with the street and the adjacent Auckland Fish Market.

这条林荫大道形成巨大的轴线,主要为行人使用,道旁栽种一些茂盛的普通植物,为奥克兰提供了一个全新的公共空间风格,即利用本土特色提升市民的参与度。

道路变窄,引进新的电车网络后,杰利科大街中行人的通行优先于车辆的通行。项目用粗糙的花岗岩来铺路与修建指状亚热带雨林花园,设置座椅并开通自行车道,这些人性化设计吸引着人们前往漫步长廊和邻近的奥克兰鱼市。

Silo Park links North Wharf promenade with marine industries to its west. Silo Park is located on a former cement depot, and a large silo that was once earmarked for removal has been retained, forming an iconic landmark. The park now plays host to a range of public functions as passive recreation, events space, youth precinct and weekend market. Adjacent to Silo Park is a large bio-retention wetland that collects stormwater from the wider site. Indigenous planting references the site’s conditions pre-industry. The planting selection references an important element of Maori culture - the viewing of a green edge when approaching land. By embracing a narrative of place, Jellicoe Street, North Wharf Promenade and Silo Park offer a public realm experience that is both contemporary and sensitive to the site’s history, culture and climate.

筒仓公园将杰利科北部码头漫步长廊与西部区域的海洋产业联系起来。筒仓公园的位置过去曾是水泥仓库,一个曾经指定搬迁的大筒仓被保留了下来,形成了形象地标。公园如今起到了一系列公共职能的作用,如娱乐消遣区、公共活动区、青年人聚集区与周末集市。与筒仓公园相邻的是一片广袤的生物保留湿地,这里储藏了从更宽阔的地方汇集来的雨水。本土植物对于此地工业时期之前的情况起到了参考作用。对植物的挑选也体现出了毛利文化中一个很重要的元素——当人们接近土地的时候,眼前会看到绿色的景致。通过融合该地区自身特点,杰利科北部码头漫步长廊、杰里科杰利科街道与筒仓公园在历史、文化与气候方面为人们提供了公共领域体验的机会。

Scarborough Beach Urban Design Master Plan Stages 1 & 4

斯卡伯勒海滩城市设计规划14阶段

Scarborough Beach has long been a popular destination for tourists and Western Australians alike.  However, the beachfront was in decline.  The infrastructure was run down and anti-social behavior had become a major problem. The Scarborough Beach Urban Design Master Plan prepared by Blackwell & Associates and endorsed by the City of Stirling in 2005 outlined a logical sequence of stages for the progressive redevelopment of the Scarborough Beach waterfront area. Subsequent to the successful completion of the Scarborough Beach Urban Design Master Plan and immediately following the City of Stirling securing the rights to hold the National Surf Life Saving Championships at Scarborough, Blackwell & Associates were engaged to implement the $9M first stage of this project.

长久以来斯卡伯勒海滩都是深受旅游者和澳大利亚西部居民欢迎的旅游胜地。然而,这里日趋败落,基础设施停止运转,反社会行为成为了主要问题。Blackwell & Associates公司起草了斯卡伯勒海滩城市设计规划,规划中概述了逐步重建斯卡伯勒海滩海滨区不同阶段的前景,并于2005年在斯特灵市得以通过。斯卡伯勒海滩城市设计规划大获成功,斯特灵市获得在斯卡伯勒举办全国冲浪救生锦标赛的资格。之后,Blackwell & Associates投入实施了价值900万美元的一期工程。

The intent was to reinvigorate the urban environment and concentrate community activity in the centrepiece of the Master Plan, a world-class multifunction amphitheatre, planned to become home to all manner of events ranging from small community orientated ceremonies, to state, national and international sporting and entertainment events. This included: improvement of the beach front and reintroduction of the dune system at the western termination of Scarborough Beach Road; the upgrade of West Coast Highway and the car parking and al-fresco areas along the northern extent of The Esplanade plus the creation of extensive grassed terraces and a major new 1,000 seat, ‘performance standard’ amphitheatre. We worked closely with the sail shade fabricators in a collaborative effort, using 3D modelling software, to design an iconic structure that, on one hand maintained sight lines from the upper terraces and, on the other provided appropriate containment and maximum shade protection during the middle of the day. Since its completion, the amphitheatre has become the City’s most frequently used and successful outdoor venue.

规划的目的旨在复兴城市的环境,并且把社区活动集中在总体规划中的核心部分,即一个世界级的多功能圆形剧场。在那里可以举行各类活动,从小型的社区典礼仪式到国家级乃至世界级的体育赛事和娱乐休闲活动。包括:升级海滨区;在斯卡伯勒海滩路的西面终点站再引入沙丘带;升级西海岸公路和停车场以及沿着北部海滨大道的户外区域;同时新建广阔的绿草阶梯,加设1000个新的座椅,以此来营造符合表演标准的圆形剧场。我们与遮阳伞制造商密切合作,利用3D立体模型软件来设计标志型结构,一方面保持来自阶梯高处的视线,另一方面提供适当的容量,并且在日间提供最大的遮阳保护设施。自从圆形剧场完工之后,它成为了城市中被频繁使用和最为成功的户外聚集地。

Promenade Des Anglais

盎格鲁, 滨海路

The “Promende Des Anglais” (the English Promenade) is registered in the collective consciousness as an international heritage and doubtless as a myth. As such, reorganize it, committed our team to adopt in this design competition, in prerequisite, a real ethics of project.Improveconsolidate certainly but, not to the point, that at the end of this development, we cannot collect any more of its memories in the modified reality. Certain configurations of the « Promenade » have, at least in their spirit, qualities which ought, in our sense, remain intact.

The « Promenade Des Anglais »project extends from the Etats Unies docks up to the of the avenue of the Lantern.

The main guidelines of this project are the following ones
- Assert the « Promendade Des Anglais » as a world reference
- Restore the link between the City and the sea
- To develop “ The Prom” as space of leisure activities and culture

盎格鲁滨海路,也叫“英国滨海路”,是公认的世界性遗产,也确实是个传奇之地。鉴于此,我们的团队参加设计大赛时就一致认为,整改绝对是项目的前提条件。对滨海路的改进与加强是必要的,但更关键的是,我们不能在工程结束时将其历史记忆也一并埋葬。海滨路的某些布局至少在一定风格上是很优秀的,因此,我们认为应该保留。“盎格鲁滨海路”项目起始点为联合船坞,延伸至兰特大街。

项目的主要指导原则如下:

1. 将“盎格鲁滨海路”打造成国际知名地标;

2. 重新把城市与海洋联系起来;

3. 发展“滨海人行道”,使其成为休闲活动和文化的场所。

Shenzhen Bay Coastline Park

深圳湾海岸公园

The design and construction of the Shenzhen Bay Waterfront established a permanent, public waterfront park for 10 million people, gives new life to waterfront as an irreplaceable ecosystem, reclaims a South China cultural landscape, and serves as a model for sustainable waterfront development.Shenzhen, China is located in the Pearl River Delta in a region known for its complex network of rivers that meet at a mountain fringed sea. Historically a coastline of small fishing villages, in 1980 the region was established as a Special Chinese Economic Zone and it entered into a thirty year period defined by uncompromising “modernization”. Huge monetary wealth was brought to the region by mining entire mountains in order to fill its oceanside bay and to rapidly create more developable land.

深圳湾海滨区的设计与施工给1000万市民提供了一个永久性的公共海滨公园,作为不可替代的生态系统,设计也给海滨区带来了新的活力,成为中国南方的一个人文景观,也是水域可持续发展的典范。深圳位于中国珠江三角洲地区,该地由若干条江河入海形成的复合地势而闻名。历史上,深圳曾经是一个小渔村,在1980年被确立为中国经济特区。30年来,一直坚持走现代化道路。当地全面开采山脉用来填充海湾,快速扩大开发土地,所以集聚了巨额资金。

Generations of people who defined their sense of place by a bay connection were left to wonder how the water had so quickly vanished from beneath them.Shenzhen has become an internationally recognized city through bold ambitions, much persistence, and a singular focus on creating hard edges of modernity. However, the price of this all in approach reached a crescendo louder than the cranes, dump trucks, and construction crews enveloping the city. An international design competition was held and the submitting firm was selected based on their concept of creating a final landfill line focused on “edges, connections, and cycles” honoring the bay’s historic sense of place. The submitting landscape architecture team subsequently developed plans from planning concept to design development and provided construction phase services.

 由于海湾在,这里人们世世代代都是靠它找到方向。可现在的人们只能慨叹脚下的水为何消失地如此之快。深圳抱负远大、坚持不懈,高度重视创造现代化前沿技术,已经发展成为了国际公认的大都市。然而,这样的代价就是深圳日渐喧嚣,遍地都是起重机、翻斗卡车和建筑施工队。深圳举办过一次国际设计大赛,脱颖而出的建筑公司以“海岸,连接和循环”为关键点,以建设最终堆填区海岸线为理念,从而把海湾建成具有历史感的景观。随后景观建筑团队从规划理念到设计开发,做出诸多规划,在施工阶段,提供了多项服务。

ROOF SCHOOL. KINDERGARTEN PARQUE GOYA. ZARAGOZA

萨拉戈萨市戈雅公园学前班-若芙学校

The strategy is based in the concepts of additive architecture and carpet-building, from the definition of the class as a unit or cell-types and their grouping into an open, flexible and extensive nature, setting up a rug or carpet on the ground, which defines the alternation between interior and exterior spaces.The program defined by the Government of Aragon, which includes 12 classrooms, dining-hall and complementary spaces, breaks into an open layout that allows it to make a perceivable environment for children and ensure the lighting and natural ventilation in all spaces.

该设计以加法建筑和地毯式建筑为理念,来源于以班级为单位的概念,教室聚落于开放﹑灵活而又广阔的“自然环境”中。教室地面铺有地毯,为孩子们营造出一块介于“室内”与“户外”之间的独特空间。该计划由亚拉贡政府提出,学校内包含了12间教室、1间餐厅及相应的互补空间,这些开放式的布局使得孩子们更易于感知到周围的环境,同时也确保了这些场所的日照与空气流通。

Opposite to the plan disintegration, a seamless flat deck that rises, falls and breaks as a function of interior spaces, gives the whole a unit and topographic character, providing each use a specific height. Classrooms` broken profile allows dual lighting and increases its depth, with a well-suited square size. Outside, the building is defined by a continous roof of inclined walls over a ventilated facade made by a large-format ceramic-extruded cladding. Ceramic fixed and anodized aluminium slats and the metallic finishing of the porches complete the exterior image of the building.

与固定教室结构不同,这里可以根据室内空间的不同需要,通过一块无缝平板的起降来满足其需求。可调节的升降板能停留在各种特定的高度,因此既可以创造出一个整体的空间,也可创造出调节变化的空间。教室面积适中,呈正方形,其离散型的轮廓可以得到双倍的采光量,增加纵深度。建筑物外部有一层通风的高密度陶瓷覆盖层,顶部为大面积的倾斜屋顶。陶瓷与氧化铝板条及金属窗,共同勾勒出建筑独特的外部景象。

Inside, the building makes a clear differentiation between the surfaces accessible to the children in the proposed range of materials, textures and colors in contrast with sober finishing above. The focus in the project to the outdoors is reflected in the definition of ground plane materials and gardening. Evergreen species, with natural grass, help to create an atmosphere that defines the nature of the kindergarten while deciduous species offer a changing appearance through the seasons.

    与稍显严肃的外饰截然不同的是,建筑内饰所使用的材料、质地与颜色更容易让孩子们产生亲切感与舒适感。户外设计的重点体现在地面材质的界定与园林艺术上。常绿植物和自然草坪使校园内时时散发着自然的气息,而落叶植物则能体现出校园中四季的不同变换。

School Center Paredes

帕雷德斯学校

School Center Paredes includes original artwork and interplay with outside space.

The School Center has been designed to accommodate around 600 children, from the ages of three to nine. Within the school, the children are divided by the 1st cycle, kindergarten and ATL (Leisure Activities). The first floor consists of administration areas, service and a reception for parents whilst the ground floor contains a gymnasium and the majority of the school classrooms, with a direct link to the playgrounds (both covered and uncovered).

帕雷德斯学校的设计力图既保持艺术的原创性,同时也与外界的环境融为一体。

学校设计容纳从39岁的600名儿童。学校的孩子们分为低年龄组,幼儿园组与ATL组(课外活动)。学校二楼有行政办公区、服务区和接待家长的前台。一楼有一个健身房,大部分的教室也设置在此,从这里有直达操场的出口。

School Center Paredes is composed of a white volume resting on four black volumes, thus marking the separation between floors. The majority of the project works around the creation of three patios/playgrounds and the relationship of the building with the slope of the existing ground. Contact with the outside was key to this project, with the organisation and shape of the interior space allowing all circulations to enjoy a large amount of natural light. By including a number of covered outdoor spaces, the building now provides excellent leisure facilities for children in all seasons. Several wall paintings in the playgrounds and atriums were carried out by artists invited by the designer in an attempt to enrich the interior space.

帕雷德斯学校由四个黑色建筑体托起一个白色建筑体所构成,于是在楼层之间形成了隔断。项目设计中的大部分建筑都围绕三个院子/操场分布,使建筑物与有坡度的地面相得益彰。本项目设计的关键是如何将室内室外连接起来。通过对内部空间的组织与塑造,使室内到处都充满了自然光。因为拥有大面积带屋顶的室外场地,无论四季,孩子们都能享受到休闲娱乐设施。操场与中庭中有许多的壁画,是由设计师邀请的艺术家们共同完成的,以此来丰富室内空间的多样性。

The building structure is in concrete and the exterior walls are made with the ventilated facade system. The black panels are Slate Stone ( from Portugal) and white panels are "Estremoz" marble stone (from Portugal).The rest of the exterior walls are covered with a white cement covered with micro marble stones. The roof is covered with ventilated white thermal plates made of cement and roof mate. In the interiors we applied hydraulic mosaic floor in the corridors and vinyl flooring in classrooms and school offices. The Ceilings are in plasterboard with acoustic  correction. The wall paintings are done in vinyl from "vescom". The school is equipped with solar panels.

学校的建筑为混凝土结构,外墙采用通风循环系统。黑色建筑物采用选自葡萄牙的板岩石材,白色建筑物采用选自葡萄牙埃斯特雷莫斯的大理石。外墙的其他部分用白水泥覆盖,点缀着小块理石。屋顶覆盖有通风的白色保温面板,它由水泥及防水涂料构成。内部廊道铺着液压式的镶嵌地板,教室与教职工办公室铺的是扑乙烯基地板。室内天花板是具有音效修正功能的石膏板。墙面绘画使用“维仕康”的乙烯基墙布。学校配备有太阳能电池板。

School Centre Krems

克雷姆斯学校

The School Centre is a generic term used for defining the individual components of the Project, four schools, the kindergarten and the parking deck. In this project various functions such as Secondary, Special a Polytechnical School as well as sports halls are combined into a single building form and organized in such a way that the spaces created are derived from the various school types. The compact building which is situated on the northwestern boundary of the project site makes it possible to keep the rest of the property free and provides the maximum open recreational space which is further planned for a variety of outdoor uses. Access ways, spatial utilisation and visual connections are defined by way of cutting in to the building volume which results in the creation of courtyards, patios and school halls.

克雷姆斯校区,是项目中几个独立分属机构的统称,校区内包含四所学校,一所幼儿园和停车场。项目中将初中、工艺学校和体育室都设置在同一座教学楼内,并根据各自的学校类型,为各个分属机构分配出相应的空间。复合式教学楼位于项目蓝图的西北端,为将来计划进行的各类户外活动创造出极大地空间。项目以教学楼为核心,操场、露台和礼堂分布四周,在各类功能区域间设置了通道,创造出良好的视觉联系,使校园的整体空间使用效果分而不散。

The main access area to the school centre from Edmund Hofbauer street forms a common entrance and can be accessed through a roofed courtyard which then opens up to the two story high school hall. Additional entrances are created to the east for the Special school and from the west for the external use of the sport hall. The internal organization of the individual areas is clearly arranged and is interconnected over short distances. A smooth transition between the indoor and outdoor areas and their respective connection spaces provides the necessary diversity of use required for the running of the school. The interconnected areas of the outdoor spaces and break areas on the roof of the sport hall and of the garden are articulated through the use of different surface materials than that of individual areas. As a result of these interventions the recreational spaces undergo a diversified arrangement tailored to the use of the functional areas.

位于埃德蒙霍贝尔街的主入口区,是常用的入口。穿过一片带蓬的操场,和一座双层礼堂后可以从主入口区进入校区。校区东侧设有许多额外入口,可供工艺学校的孩子们使用。校区西侧体育馆附近也设有入口,方便外部使用。各区域内部都保持较短的互通距离,整体布局清晰明了。室内区域与室外区域过渡自然,各区域间连接巧妙,保证了整个校区的正常运行所需的多样性。户外各处场地、体育馆顶层休息区和花园之间连接的通道,都采用了独特表层材质。通过这样的安排,各类活动区域能够根据功能区的使用需求,很好地进行多样化的组合。

Sommereng Kindergartens

苏莫伦幼儿园

The kindergarten concept guarantees the possibility of having multifunctional rooms. With very simple moves, each room can be changed into new rooms of variable sizes and functions. There are several options of combinations and joint actions of rooms and spaces.The kindergarten is divided into four playing units intended for different groups of kids. In each unit there are large sliding doors leading to a common, communicating area that can be used also as cycling and running pathway - a kind of 'indoor street', containing corners for water plays and winter gardens. 

幼儿园的设计理念旨在确保各个房间的多功能性成为可能。仅仅通过简单调节,每个房间都可以成为面积各异与功能各异的新房间。这里有多种可供选择的组合方式,使得房间与区域有许多种联接方式。为了满足不同年龄段孩子的需要,幼儿园被分成了四个活动区。每个活动区都有一个硕大的滑动门,从这里可以通往一个公用的交流互动区。在这里,孩子们可以骑脚踏车,也可以跑步,它有着一种类似于“室内街”的布局,在角落里可以进行嬉水活动和观赏冬景花园。

The ‘rough’ entrance wardrobes, the kitchen and the playing rooms are peeking out of the facade. Each of the four units has an inner wardrobe that can be used as a playing area too. In each unit, there is a reading nook and a small kitchenette. From here a narrow staircase leads to a cozy mezzanine, a room for the kids which corresponds to their proportions and scale. The mezzanine has many lookout holes and openings with Plexiglas. On the mezzanine roof a glass dome allows to watch the sky shift: stars, northern lights, clouds, rain, snow and sun.

入口处的隔间、厨房和所有的游戏室,都可以看到室外风景。四个活动区都有内置的隔间,可以作为孩子们游戏的场地。在每一个活动区,都有一个阅读角和一个小厨房。从这里踏上一个狭窄楼梯可以通往舒适的夹层,里面是符合孩子们大小比例的房间。夹层上有许多的检视孔和树脂玻璃。从夹层上方拱形的玻璃天棚,孩子们可以看到天空中千变万化的景观:星星、北极光、云朵、雨水、雪花和太阳。

In the first two kindergartens each unit is furnished with two adjustable playing walls that are hinged in the centre, and that can provide multiple combinations of small and large rooms. The walls contain a variety of playing elements, shelves, drawers, pull-out furniture, whiteboard walls, climbing walls, puppet shows, etc. In the four more recent kindergartens the wall theme is further experimented with playing features with diverse spatiality and use integrated into a fixed wall. Both kindergarten concepts are an exploration of children’s scale and imaginative world – fairytales with themes of transition, conversion and surprise, which are an inspiration for the design of rooms and playing walls.

在最早的两个幼儿园中,每一个活动区都配备了与中心连接,可供调节的活动墙,根据需要可以提供大小不同的房间的多样组合。这些活动墙还具备了一些动感元素,配备了书架、抽屉、可以拉伸的家具、白色书写板、攀岩练习墙和木偶剧表演台等等。在四个较新的幼儿园中,活动墙的主题更体现了以动感为主,它把空间多样性的使用同固定墙的使用很好地融为一体。两种幼儿园的设计理念都是为了符合孩子们爱探险的个性,同时营造出富有想象力的空间以多变和惊奇为主题的童话世界,这些都是设计房间和活动墙的灵感来源之所在。

Sta. Isabel Kindergarten

圣伊萨贝尔幼儿园

In this building typology, the type of user who will occupy the space is very much taken into account. The fact that they are children is a major conditioning factor in the project, and so the aim was to treat this building with special sensitivity. The result is a series of luminous and comfortable spaces in which the safety of the children is paramount. The Santa Isabel nursery school is presented as a geometric piece developed on the plan and section as two large units of concrete, glass and timber and housing, on one hand, the educational programme with classrooms, bedrooms and multiple use room and, on the other, the services such as teachers' room, refectory, kitchen and installations. The blocks are closed off to the north in order to protect them from the inclemency of the weather and the noise from the outside.

在建筑类型学中,空间的使用者往往是考虑的重点。在此项目设计中,儿童便是重点考虑的因素,因此,这个建筑物必须具有较强的灵敏度,提供明亮和舒适的场所,保证儿童的安全。圣伊萨贝尔幼儿园采用的是几何学的建筑风格,使用混凝土、玻璃和原木材料分别建成两大区域。一个区域包括以教学为主的教室、卧室与多功能房;另一个区域包括以服务为主的教职员办公室、餐厅、厨房与附加设施。建筑物北面是封闭的,为的是保护儿童免于受到恶劣天气的影响,和减少来自外面的噪音。

In contrast, they open to the south through a glazed enclosure framed in timber and glass, seeking sunlight and the vision of the playground. The building is conceived on the plan and section as two boxes of concrete, glass and timber, materials that acquire a great deal of importance in this architectural project, in a search for the relative insulation from the outside provided by glass and the climatic warmth of wood.The project brings versatility and multifunctionality to the classrooms. They are separated by means of mobile partitioning systems that allow two classrooms for children of the same age to be united into a single one, facilitating a different educational programme that is suitable for more pupils. Adapted to this layout are the changing rooms, lavatories and bedrooms, which operated well for the standard classrooms and for fusing them into one.

以此相反,建筑物南面是开放的,通过一个由原木和玻璃制成的光滑围护墙来获取阳光和观赏到户外的风景。关于建筑物使用玻璃和原木的构思,使得此建筑项目设计中对材料的选择格外重要,为的是达到玻璃材质可以提供与室外的相对隔离的功能,与原木材质能够提供保暖的功能并举。项目设计使教室都具有多功能性。借助于移动分区系统,教室都可以被重新组合,使得提供给同龄儿童使用的两个教室可以合并为一个,使更多的学生享受到适合自己的不同教育模式。使用这种设计布局的有更衣室、盥洗室和卧室,通过适当的操作,它们即可以是标准的教室,也可以合并为一室。

The Children’s School

儿童学校

The 15,000 sf school, for 120 children ages 2-8, is conceived by the client as a “one-room schoolhouse.”  In the design, roof planes subtly tilt against one another to let in light from above between their skewed forms, and classroom spaces below are defined without the use of walls.  The scheme creates a fragmented reading of the building which reduces the scale of building and makes it more appropriate to the scale of the child.
  
 校园占地15000平方英尺,可同时容纳12028岁的儿童。设计符合客户的构思,来营造出一体的格局。设计中,屋顶具有坡度,巧妙地呈现互倚之势,自然光可以更好地照射到室内。位于其下的教室之间没有墙壁的阻隔,这种设计打破了传统的建筑理念,降低了建筑的高度,更符合于儿童的身体特征。

This project is LEED Certified.  It treads lightly on the earth while seeking to heighten the students’ sense of relationship with the site.  The building has a passive solar design with cross-ventilation in order to extend the seasons in which heating and cooling are not necessary.  The school opens to the south to take in solar gain.  Louvers on the south and west elevation are used to control the summer sun and dapple and modulate light entering the building.  The building is largely slab on grade, so this thermal mass, coupled with the building’s orientation to the south, allows for maximum winter sun intake and heat storage.
  
 该设计获得LEED专业认证。这样贴近大地的巧妙设计,为的是提升孩子们对周身环境的认同感与归属感。建筑内置有太阳能自动调节系统,空气流通性非常出色。无需制冷或制热,孩子们在教室内很容易感受到季节的分明。校体朝南,便于太阳能的收集。位于建筑物南面和西面高处的天窗,可以用来控制夏季时进入到教室内的光线强度。建筑物坡度分明,采用高厚度保温板建造,而且校体建筑方向朝南,即使在寒冷冬季,教室内的光线与热量也很充足。

The palette of natural and regional materials was selected primarily for its durability and sustainability. Interior finishes free of volatile compounds create a learning environment with the best possible air quality.  Outdoor, covered spaces act as an extension of the interior learning spaces.  The entry area hosts quiet activities that calm the child upon arrival, acting as a space of mediation between the wings of the building.    This project has received local, regional and national design awards, including a 2008 Honor Award for Design Excellence from the Boston Society of Architects.

室外使用自然﹑环保﹑耐久性和持续性优良的装修材料。室内使用无挥发性的装修材料,为孩子们的学习环境提供了最纯净的空气。在室外有蓬区域活动时,孩子们拥有和室内学习环境一样的舒适感。入口处有许多较为安静的游戏活动区,用以安抚刚刚到校孩子们的情绪,这起到了两类活动之间过渡的调节作用。我们的设计荣获了包括“2008年波士顿建筑协会最佳设计奖”在内的多项地区性、国家性设计奖项。

Tuomarila Day Care Center

 

托马里拉日托中心

The two story daycare center, with its compact, energy efficient mass, has a relatively small footprint and maximises the area reserved for the playground which occupies the southern half of the plot. An efficient use of the topography of the sloping site allows for entrances both on the ground floor and first floor.To create a sense of transition between the indoor group activity spaces and the outdoor playground, triangular wedges have been sliced from the building mass. The facades of the cut-out spaces are clad in a playful mosaic of colors inspired by children´s building bricks. This has an iconographic effect and transforms the scale of the building to one more appropriate for young children.

两层高的日托中心,内部结构紧凑、节能环保。建筑占地面积较小,因此给占据校园南半部的操场保留了最大的空间。通过有效地利用倾斜的地势,使得在一楼和二楼都有通往楼内的入口。为了营造出室内活动区域与室外操场间的过渡感,建筑嵌置了马赛克彩色砖块,这是受儿童建筑砖质的启发。此处营造出一种良好的图像式的视觉效果,通过对建筑规格的调节,更加地适合年幼的孩子。

Inside, the rooms are laid out along continuous street-like entrance spaces also intended for play activities. The lay-out of these spaces creates long internal views and provide several ‘meeting points’, helping to create a sense of community for staff and children. The orientation of the spaces allows daylight deep into the interior of the building. Comfort is ensured by sun-protected window glass, overhanging sheltering roofs and carefully positioned transparent partitions. There are home areas for five groups of children, two on the ground floor and three on the upper floor. These comprise an activity room and a resting room. The activity and resting rooms are all white in order to create a neutral backdrop for the children´s creative activities, spaces where `the children provide the color´, but the mosaic of colors can be seen through the windows.

校体内部,教室沿着连续的街道式入口一一排列,为孩子们创造了更好的学习氛围和游戏氛围。精巧的房间布局使得室内看上去更加宽敞,同时也提供了一些“聚会角”来营造一种更有利于陪护人员与孩子之间的交流氛围。建筑朝向使得室内各处充满了充足的阳光。通过保暖玻璃,悬挂或是遮蔽的屋顶,以及小心放置的透明隔断,都确保了室内的舒适度。建筑内,设有可以提供给五组孩子的“家庭区”,一楼有两个,二楼有三个。每个家庭区都由一间活动室和一间休息室组成。活动室和休息室的墙面是纯白的,为的是营造一种中立的背景,孩子们可以涂抹色彩,施展他们的创意。透过房间的窗户,孩子们能够看到马赛克式的彩色图案,并从中获取“创作”灵感。

Color coded wet entrances are provided at each of the three access points used by children, with compact and flexible systems for storing and drying clothes. In addition to the home areas and the play spaces in the open plan area, there is a multipurpose hall, activity rooms for small groups, a kitchen and facilities and offices for the staff. Each children’s group has direct access to the playground through the triangular terraces. The multipurpose hall, open plan area and kitchen can be used in the evenings and weekends by members of the community. Easily adapted to the needs of children of different ages, the overall layout of the building supports interaction between groups and provides an environment that nutures and inspires creativeness, learning, self-initiative and activity.

建筑内,有三个提供给孩子们使用的“雨天入口”,“雨天入口”带有彩色标识。在那儿,有简洁又灵活的设备,孩子们可用来烘干和存放潮湿衣物。除了家庭区和室外游戏区,学校还提供一间多功能厅,以及为小团体所使用的活动教室、一间厨房和其他设备,以及教职工办公室。每间教室都有一个三角形的梯子可以直达室外操场。社区成员可以在夜间和周末使用多功能厅、户外平台和厨房。托马里拉日托中心能够轻松满足不同年龄段孩子的需求,建筑内整体布局有利于促进孩子们互相交流的同时,也能使提供一个良好的看护环境,同时鼓励孩子们的创造性、学习热情﹑主动性。

Vaajakoski School

瓦亚科斯基学校

The school is situated on the right side of the hilly plot. At the school yard there are several activities spend spare time. For example a game arena. The mass of the building consists of three fingers joining together. Courtyards between fingers create spaces to spend leisure time. The sharp angle between the fingers makes a sort of a fake-perspective effect, that gives you the feeling of a bigger space. There are several entrances to building and the main entrance is between two fingers. The exterior of the façade is mainly made of brick cladding, and parts of it have been plastered with two neutral colors.

学校坐落于小山坡的右侧。在校园里,学生可以利用业余时间参加很多活动,例如在赛场上比赛。建筑物主要是由三座相连的狭长楼所组成。楼与楼之间的空地为大家提供了休闲场所。狭长楼之间形成的尖角,营造出一种给人以更大空间的视觉假象。这里有许多通往楼内的入口,而其中的主入口位于两个狭长楼之间。建筑物的外层主要是以砖为外包材质,部分墙体使用了灰色和砖色这两种中间色

The school has two outer staircases. An interesting contrast is formed by two different materials used on the inner and outer walls of the staircases. The inner and outer wall materials which are situated outside, and they create interesting contrast between it’s plastered outside and brick inside. The interior space consists of three floors which form spaces with different heights. Between the fingers the sunlight comes in through the large windows and to the main hall which has a tall glass façade. Natural light creates beautiful shadow play when it shines to the rough red-brick walls.

学校有两个外置的楼梯,楼梯内外墙面使用的两种不同材料,形成了一个有趣的对比。外墙面用灰泥,内墙面用砖,这种位于外侧墙壁的内外墙面材质的不同,形成了有趣的视觉冲击。楼内有三层楼,每层有不同的高度。在两个狭长楼之间的一个有高大玻璃墙的大厅内,阳光可以透过大玻璃窗射进大厅。当自然光照射到粗面红砖墙面的时候,产生了美丽的影子。

The color palette is inspired by nature. All the floors have their own signal color for safety reasons. With these bright colours are used to mark the places where the students are allowed to access. Light grey colour is a neutral colour which means that the door can only be accessed by staff. Materials used in the building are pure and simple. The bright red chairs on the first floor create a refreshing addition to the oak furniture.

这些颜色的配比是受大自然的启发。 所有的楼层都因为安全的需要使用了各自的标志性颜色。通过使用许多鲜艳夺目的颜色,来标志学生可以进入的场所, 。而通过使用淡灰色的中间色,来标志只有教职员工可以入内。楼内使用的材料都很简单与环保。在一楼除了橡木家具外,还有亮红色的椅子,给人一种清爽提神之感。

Volksschule Satteins

萨泰恩斯学校

As a soft core, the extension of Satteins Primary School was erected in ocher-colored exposed concrete with a formwork of OSB panels. The chipboard texture of the formwork lends the façade a lively, irritating and fanciful appearance in the changing sunlight. The classrooms are fully lined with untreated, local silver silver fir wood which conveys a pleasant and homelike atmosphere through its warm, soft character and natural wood fragrance. In contrast, the common areas of the extension were kept to a neutral white. The wall surfaces painted with magnetic color as well as the numerous glass display cases invite a colorful and ever-changing use of the space. The new gymnasium/ multi-purpose hall forms the bright and lively center of the new build. Large sliding window doors can be opened to the green area around the old Linden tree, while the hall’s back wall can be folded downwards to be used as a full-fledged event stage.

萨泰恩斯学校由小学和幼儿园两部分组成。萨泰恩斯学校的扩建部分竖立在褐色混凝土OSB架构之上。这层特殊材质在变化的日光中显得生机勃勃、奇特而不拘一格。教室内主要饰以未经刻意雕琢的当地银衫木。银衫木质地温和,并带有自然的淡香,能为孩子们营造出一种舒适如家的良好氛围。与此相反的是,扩建部分的公用区几乎是清一色的素白。建筑的墙面涂有颜色缤纷的涂料并缀有许多造型玻璃,营造出一个多彩,使用功能又千变万化的区域。多功能厅(新体育馆)位于新建筑的中心,大厅宽敞明亮,充满生机。巨大的玻璃拉门通向一片以一棵老菩提树为中心的绿化区。多功能厅的后墙可以向下叠起,瞬间可以搭成一座完备的舞台用于各种集体活动

The old as well as the new construction are equipped with a comfort ventilation system with heat recovery. All rooms provide barrier-free accessibility. A special highlight is the prize-winning “Art in Architecture” project by the graphic artists Angelika Mathis and Verena Petrasch. Satteins Kindergarten is regarded as a campus for kids. Together with both primary school buildings, the kindergarten encloses a central, green heart around a venerable, old Linden tree. The two-story structure follows the grade of the terrain to the south, thereby providing all ground level areas an optimal link to the outdoors. The entire site is a car-free “Campus” for children from three to ten years of age, with a multifaceted range of pedagogical possibilities both indoors and outdoors.

学校的新旧大楼都装置了带有热回收的通风系统,建筑内的所有房间提供无障碍通行。值得一提的是,我们的设计曾在“建筑艺术”项目中获奖,它由形象艺术家Angelika MathisVerena Petrasch发起的活动。萨泰恩斯幼儿园是孩子们的乐园。连同两栋小学楼的建筑,将一条心形绿化带围绕,一棵肃穆的老菩提树栽种在绿化带中心。根据地势走向盖建的双层幼儿园建筑朝南坐落,基于地势之便,各楼层都设置了直通操场的甬道。整个校园内禁止泊车。对于310岁的孩子来说,无论是在教室中还是在操场上,多层面多样化的教学都成为了可能。

Washington University Childcare Center

华盛顿大学儿童保育中心

The University requested a sophisticated, masonry design incorporating playful elements that children would relate to. The design features clean volumes of dark brick, interrupted by vast glazed openings and monumental colored glass towers.  The fractured H shape of the building creates bright and airy spaces, with an abundant amount of daylight and views to the outdoors. The full-height windows used throughout the center allow for outdoor views for the children as well as the adults.

保育中心楼采用的是精致的石造结构,同符合于儿童特征的许多游戏元素合二为一。设计特点是去除了黑色砖质材质,使用了许多硕大的玻璃式入口和非常特别的彩色玻璃塔楼。中心大楼突出的H型结构,使其内部光线明亮,且通风效果良好。建筑中心内,阳光充足,户外视野开阔。布满整个中心的全景玻璃窗,使得儿童与成人都能够欣赏到室外的景色。

In order to conserve space for future growth of the North Campus, the building efficiently accommodates the administration, specialty rooms, kitchen, and infant, toddler, and transition classrooms on the first floor. Four preschool classrooms are located on the second floor. The first floor is designed to provide classrooms with direct access to the playground, with a courtyard playground for the infants and toddlers in the center of the building.

为了保持北部校区空间未来的可持续利用,中心大楼一楼处集中容纳了办公区﹑特色教室﹑厨房﹑婴儿与幼童室,以及可调节的教室。二楼设有四个学龄前专属教室。一楼的设计使得各个教室都有直达操场的出口,而在中心大楼内部,有提供给婴幼儿的室内庭院操场式活动区。

Having achieved a LEED Gold certification level, the center integrates many sustainable design strategies.  Using a VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) HVAC system, energy efficient equipment and lighting, lighting controls, and a thermally efficient building envelope, the building is designed to save 30% in energy costs over a comparable building. Classrooms feature abundant daylight and views. Regional, recycled, and rapidly renewable materials are used extensively.

中心建筑结合了许多可持续发展的设计理念,取得了绿色能源与环境设计金奖认证。使用空调多联机和供暖通风与空调系统、节能与照明设备、照明控制系统,以及高效的建筑保暖包层。这些建筑设计与类似的建筑相比,节省了30%的能源消耗。充足的阳光与开阔的视野是教室的特点。大量地使用当地可回收与快速再生的建筑材料

The site-design strategies are focused around the children and sustainability. The landscaping -including the playground landscaping- requires no irrigation, using only native and adapted planting. Bio-swales, a micro-detention basin, permeable concrete sidewalks, and permeable pavers address the extreme storm-water control challenges that are unique to St. Louis. The North Campus is adjacent to a vibrant major development corridor with abundant neighborhood amenities. The North campus is served by a Metro-Link station, and many bus lines.

设计理念是以重视儿童发展与可持续性发展为宗旨。环境美化工程包括操场的景观绿化,仅栽种的是适应当地的、适应环境的植物,不需要特殊灌溉。这里有一个小的储水池,具有渗透性的混凝土人行道,这些具有渗透性的铺路材料能够控制储水量,这对于圣路易斯来说,是很独特的。北部校区与充满活力的主要发展区毗邻,那里有大量的社区便利设施。北部校区附近有一个地铁站和许多的公交线路。

80-Bed Retirement Home

80个床位的老年公寓

This project is situated on the Littoral Parc site, which is often criticised for having brought too many commercial activities to its strategic location on the riviera vaudoise on the banks of Lake Geneva. The goal of the master plan is to offer a scheme and landscape that create an alternative to the built-up environment of the adjacent commercial zone. The project creates a more unified and welcoming world in which architecture and nature live together.

此项目坐落于滨海公园地带,此地由于地处日内瓦湖畔里维埃拉的战略位置,而常被指责商业活动过多。项目总体规划旨在提供一个方案,使其景致能为毗邻的商业区增添一抹亮丽。项目营造出一种更为和谐统一而又热情好客的环境,使得建筑与环境可以和谐地合二为一。

The new retirement home is an H-shaped building, at the centre of which is an atrium, open on each of the building’s three levels, which houses the service areas and residents’ day rooms. The ground floor - on which the day rooms are located - is designed for the greatest possible transparency to provide a direct extension to the exterior, for both practical reasons and to maximize the view from the building.

崭新的老年公寓建筑呈H型结构,中央地带设置了中庭,分别可以通往建筑的三层楼。建筑物中央地带设有服务区与房客日间娱乐室。日间娱乐室所在的一楼,具有绝佳的透明度,产生了视觉直达户外空间的效果。这即符合实用的理念又最大化地扩大了户外的视野。

The wings of the building house the bedrooms, which are arranged around a central core of bathrooms to free up the full width of the living space and orientate it towards a bow window. The window forms a seat, from where residents can enjoy the views.The volume of the building is slightly bowed by a few degrees, as if to welcome the surrounding landscape into the north and south external courtyards. The perforated corrugated sheet metal facades give the entire volume a feel of lightness and vibration that blends with the surroundings of the park.

建筑物的两侧设有卧室,围绕在中央浴室的四周,可以最大限度地扩展居住空间,向东朝向拱形窗。窗户处设置了座椅,居住者可以在这里观赏风景。建筑楼体轻微地倾斜一些角度,好似欢迎四周的风景进入到其位于北面和南面的户外庭院。楼的外立面为打孔的波纹金属薄板,营造出一种轻盈明亮之感,与公园周边的环境融为一体。

85 Dwellings for the elderly and public facilities

85个老年人护理室与公共设施

The plot is on tibidabo hillside on the edge of Barcelona. It’s a 3.500 trapezoidal shape with a 3,5 meters gap on the short axis and mainly horizontal on the long oneIt has an excellent south-east orientation and it has some impressive views over Barcelona.

The project has to solve a program of 6500 of social housing with 85 dwellings for eldly people and parking space for 28 cars. There are also 2000 of public facilities with a civil center.    

寓所位于地处巴塞罗那边缘的提比达波山坡处。占地3500平方米,呈梯形建筑,短轴与水平长轴之间间隔3.5。寓所面朝东南,位置绝佳,能看到巴塞罗那美丽的风景。项目设计建造6500平方米的公益住房,内设有85间专为老年人使用的护理室和可以容纳28辆车的停车场。这里还有2000平方米的公共设施与一个民用中心。

Main strategiesBest orientation. All of the dwellings benefit from South-East orientation.Housing units bars are concentrated on the north perimeter of the plot so the most of the land it’s available to build the civil center while keeping both best orientation and views. Topographical gap is solved with the parking and the civil center volume. It’s roof is understood as a fifth façade of the building. Mix of passive and active system to ensure a good climatic behavior and energy saving strategies.Economic containment. White and void are the only materials used for the composition of the facade. Housing units are the core of the system. Unit plan layout creates the longest interior diagonals possible so the space is perceived in its maximal length.

主要策略:绝佳方位,所有的护理室都为东南朝向。住宅单元隔断都集中在北面,因此大部分的空间都可以用来建筑民用中心,不但具有绝佳的朝向而且享受到不错的视野。停车场与民用中心建筑弥补了地形上的不均衡。建筑物屋顶被看作房子的第五个外立面。无源与有源系统的结合确保了良好气候条件下的正常运转及节能环保的理念。经济遏制:建筑外观只采用白色和中空的材料。住宅单元位于系统的中央。单元平面设计利用上了室内空间最长的对角线,因此空间感上具有了最佳的长度。

100 Unit Housing For The Elderly

100个单元的老年公寓

GROUND FLOOR

Due to family and social alienation usually suffered by elderly, our ground floor structure and programmatic resolution resembles that of a small village. Rather than being concentrated and organized on a specific point of the plot of land, the different uses are dispersed throughout the whole plot and divided by large areas of gardens, making the daily schedule one of complexity and real interaction. Another problem commonly associated with aging is muscle atrophy. In our proposal, apart from the large area devoted to gardens, the building becomes a "walk inside", due to the wide corridors that connect the various rooms. These corridors confuse the boundaries between inside and outside, extending the use of these summer promenades to the winter season and oblige the elderly to walk around the building.
一楼

由于老年人常常被家庭与社会所疏离,我们建筑物的一楼采用了类似于小村庄的结构与设计。为避免不同功能的房间被集中在一个固定的地点,它们则被分散在整个建筑物与大片的花园内。如此一来,老年人的日常生活丰富多彩起来,也实现了彼此之间真正的沟通交流。另一个与老龄相关的问题则是他们易患肌肉萎缩。在我们的设计中,除了大面积的花园可以进行活动外,在建筑物内部也有与各个房间连接的宽阔走廊,也非常适合散步。这些走廊融合了室内与室外的分界线,使得这些适宜于夏季使用的散步长廊也得以在冬天使用,老年人可以围绕建筑物散步。

FIRST FLOOR
Single and double rooms are set along four long corridors, overlooking at the ground floor courtyards. This position enables them to have optimal lighting and thermal conditions easily controlled as the vegetation also acts as a regulator. All spaces are fully accessible and feature the latest developments in benefits to the elderly.

二楼

单人房和双人房都设置在四条走廊两侧,从这里可以眺望到一楼的庭院。这样的位置,使得老人们可以享受到最佳的照明和热量条件,这都是由植被控制,同时具有调节器的功能。所有的空间都非常易于通行,即对老年人的生活有益,又具有不断发展更新的特点。

OUTER SPACE
The gardens follow a similar approach to the rest of the building, creaing various outdoor circuits. Interior spaces relate directly with the external ones, extending the residents’activity into the gardens when weather conditions permit. Dislocations between ground and first floor lead to the creation of both covered and uncovered outdoor areas.

户外空间

花园内沿用了同建筑内部相似的路径,形成了各式各样的户外环路。室内空间与室外空间紧密连接,当天气状况许可时,延伸了老年人去花园的活动。

一楼与二楼之间的空间,形成了带蓬与不带蓬的户外场地。

A New Accommodation Facility For Alzheimer’s In Paris

巴黎阿兹海默患者的新寓所

The architecture created by the Philippon Kalt team offers these very sensitive elderly people, who can become disoriented and stressed in confined spaces, a welcoming, spacious, and luminous living environment. The organization into apartments and fluidity of vertical and horizontal circulation promotes the free movement of residents. To facilitate navigation, this freedom of movement is combined with floors each identifiable by a specific color and a different morphology in every communal living room.On the first floor, spaces for care and wellbeing and a large, primarily glass lounge offer the greatest access to the garden. On each floor the six apartments are organized around a light-filled common living space and cross from one façade to the other.

Philippon Kalt团队设计的建筑,旨在为那些身处封闭空间就易困惑紧张又敏感的老年人,提供一个热情、宽敞、明亮的居住环境。房间入口的布局结构和水平与垂直的循环设计提升了老年人可以自由活动的畅通性。于此同时,为了更易于老年人的通行,每层楼都有各自易于辨认的特殊颜色,每一个公共的起居室也有不同的形态特征。在一楼有保健中心和福利设施以及一个硕大的玻璃休息厅,都能直达花园。每一层楼的六个公寓直通建筑物的两端,并且有序地围绕在一个阳光充足的共用起居室四周。

This friendly and family-oriented central space combines the functions of a lounge and dining room. It features a glass office where residents can re-heat meals or light snacks themselves. Ten rooms are distributed on both sides. The colors are bright and colorful on each floor to stimulate the residents’ cognitive memories and avoid apathy. The need for fire access to each room from the outside forced the creation of passages on the western façade overlooking the garden. In the background, the development of the façade in the form of large folds allows the constraints of the prospects to be integrated whilst still maintaining a homogenous whole. This visual link between the two offers valuable continuity for disoriented elderly people. This filter enhances the play of shadows and lights that is in harmony with those of the trees.

这种友好融洽又采用家庭式布局的中央区域同时具有休息室与餐厅的功能。它有着类似于玻璃办公室的特征,老年人可以在这里加热自己的食物或是食用快餐。十个房间分布两侧。每一层楼的颜色明亮而鲜艳,可以激发老年人的认知记忆,避免他们对事对己的漠不关心。为了使每个房间都有连接室外的灭火通道,修建了建筑物西侧的通道,在那里可以俯瞰到花园。在建筑物背面,楼体交错的建筑风格的不断发展更新,使得景色既与周边协调,同时又保持了独特完整性。这种两者合二为一的视觉感,提供给易于迷惑的老年人一种可贵的视觉连续感。如此渗透的视觉效果增加光与影的流动感,与树木和谐呼应。

Bodathing Kópavogur

科波沃老年公寓

The project forms a group of four small nursing homes for the elderly. Each nursing home is for 11 inhabitants with small commune living and reclining area. This allows for a more personal and comfortable living environment. The four nursing homes gather around a central service centre for the elderly with community area, dining hall, arts and crafts, indoor swimming pool and physiotherapy. Where the nursing units connect to the service centre with glass hall a sheltered outdoor area is created to relax and recline or other outdoor activities.

项目包括四个专为老年人使用的小型疗养院。每个疗养院可居住11位房客,并有个小型交流起居与躺卧区。因此居住环境更加私人化与舒适化。四个疗养院围绕在一个中央服务中心四周,该中心专为老年人提供服务,内设有社交区、餐厅、工艺美术室、室内游泳池与理疗室。护理室与服务中心之间由玻璃大厅相连,室外有一处遮蔽空间,可供倚靠放松和休息,或是进行其他的户外活动。

Care Center Oosterheem

荷兰Oosterheem护理中心

As Oosterheem care center was no longer meeting today’s requirements, DHA designed a plan to redevelop the nursing home and the adjoining properties. With the redevelopment of the new building a whole new neighborhood was created simultaneously. The grounds of the old nursing home would slowly make way for a new assisted living center. Three residential buildings and an underground parking garage are now under construction. The construction is phased out, requiring most residents to only“move house”once. The new assisted living center offers sheltered living apartments, care apartments, residential units and general facilities. The design with four story’s and a bent shape, mimicks the direction and scale of the surrounding neighborhood.

当昔日的Oosterheem护理中心再也无法满足当今的需求时,DHA着手了重建护理中心及其附属建筑的计划。新建筑拔地而起,同时也带动了一个周边社区的兴起。老式的护理中心所在地已经逐渐让位于新建的辅助型居住中心。如今三个住宅建筑物与一个地下停车场正在施工中。老式的建筑已被淘汰,需要大多数的居民搬家。新建的辅助型居住中心提供了可栖身的公寓、护理中心、居住单元以及大众设施。设计规划出四层楼高和弯曲的建筑结构,类似于周边社区的朝向和面积规模。

The residential buildings are eye-catching and compete with the height and scale of the adjacent Amphia Hospital. EGM based the design on "reversible construction”. Meaning that, in future, it would be relatively easy to convert two-bedroom care apartments into intensive care housing or three-bedroom apartments. Because most of the parking is underground, there is room for high quality landscaping. There are plenty of opportunities for residents and neighbors to meet each other. Outside in the garden for example or inside, where the central hall and the general facilities promote further interaction.

住宅建筑非常引人注目,在高度和面积上可以与毗邻的Amphia 医院媲美。GM采用的是双向建筑结构。也就意味着它将来可以轻易地将双卧室护理公寓转换成重病监护室或是三人房公寓。由于绝大多数停车位都位于地下,使得这里有足够空间可以享受到高品质的风景。这里的居民与邻居可以经常碰面,如在室外花园或室内的中央大厅与通用设施内,居民都可以促进彼此的联系与沟通。

De Remise

勒米兹老年公寓

At a prominent place in the town Doetinchem, a residential health-care building has been built, designed with 16 apartments and a training home for people with special care needs. The architect has situated the apartments over two identical buildings to highlight their programmatic distinction.It also forms an obvious hinge-like point consolidating the existingvillas on one side and the new townhouses on the other side.

一个住宅式的健康保健大楼坐落在杜廷赫姆镇上一个显耀的位置,它专为那些需要特殊照顾的人士提供16间公寓和一间治疗室。建筑师将公寓设置在两栋相同的建筑之上,是为了突出他们在项目程序上的不同。它同时形成了一个显而易见的枢纽,得以巩固一边的老式大木屋和另外一边新式的别墅群。

In such a constellation De Remise has its own position next to the large adjoining theater.The closed surfaces give the building direction and together with the twin-setting it emphasizes the strong gesture where old continues in new. In De Remise the architect tried to strike the balance between extremes: open and closed, hot and cold, hard and soft, nature and culture, light and dark... The open access gives the residents a sense of home, a house in the city instead of an apartment in a typical healthcare building. And seen from each separate home the glass facades offer a wide view of the world.

在这样的建筑群落里,De Remise紧挨着大型电影院旁。封闭的建筑表层确定了建筑的方位,并且与复式结构合二为一,突出了新旧过渡自然的结构。在De Remise建筑内,建筑师试图在极端中寻求平衡:开放和封闭、热和冷、坚硬和柔软、自然和文化、光明和黑暗…。开放的入口使得老人们拥有一种家园感,一种在城市里有家,取代了在典型医疗保健中心有一处公寓之感。从每一个独立的房间中,透过玻璃都能看到大片的景致。

The closed envelope of the two buildings consist entirely of roof tiles.It is a continuous shell that provides shelter to the homes. Large format roof tiles were chosen to rescale the perception of the existing scale of the villas nearby.Where the wall and roof make a large and expressive gesture, the facades are designed as a layered transition zone between inside and outside.More sophisticated detailed gables include staggered balconies, facade-wide windows and wooden balustrades.In front of the facade building high wooden columns are placed that bear the balconies and railings and give depth to the facade and changes the view continuously.

两栋建筑物的封闭包层上覆盖着屋顶瓦片,连续的屋顶为房间提供了遮掩。这些大面积瓦片被用来重新调节附近木屋的视觉面积。墙壁与屋顶形成了硕大而又独特的姿态,而建筑物表面则被设计成一个连接室内外的过渡区夹层。复杂而又精细的三角墙,包括交错的阳台,宽立面窗户和木质栏杆。在建筑物的前方,放置着高耸的木质塔,支撑着阳台和围栏,使得建筑外观具有了深度感,并且可以连续不断地变换着风景。

De Rietvinck

De Rietvinck私人疗养院

    Nursing home De Rietvinck for OsiraGroep on the Brouwersgracht was built in the early 80s and has recently been renovated. The current home now has an extra floor. Startingpoint are human scale and creating domesticity. The original horizontal structure has been transformed into a vertical articulation, creating a structure that is fully in keeping with the frontages of the inner city. The jury of the Hedy d'Ancona Award 2010 rewarded the renovation of De Rietvinck with a nomination.

    位于酿酒者运河的私人疗养院De Rietvinck建于80年代初,最近已经开始重新整建。如今的疗养院增高了一层。进口处更适宜通行,并且新设了家务室。最初的水平结构如今被改造成为垂直结构,形成了一个与市中心临街十分协调一致的建筑风格。De Rietvinck的整建荣获了2010 Hedy d'Ancona奖项评奖团提名。

    Originally started by an active group of local people, De Rietvinck now offers psychogeriatric care to forty elderly in small group living, 26 assisted living facilities and two facilities for short stay and day care. Marc Prosman Architecten decided for six small group homes for six or seven clients with a variety of lifestyles: Jordaan classic, modern and popular chic. The restaurant and shop on the ground floor welcome local residents and functions as Jordaan neighborhood center.

    最初的疗养院是由当地一个活跃组织创办的,而如今De Rietvinck 40位老年人提供精神疾病康复方面的护理。提供26个辅助的居住设施,和另外两个专为短期居住和日间需要托管的老人使用的设施。建筑师Marc Prosman决定为六位或七位客户提供六个小型的团体家庭,使他们拥有不同的生活方式,诸如约丹古典式、时尚与现代式。一楼餐厅和商店欢迎当地居民,它们的功能类似于约旦社区中心。

    The added floor ends with a series of roof caps, the apartments are cozy under the covers which soften the massive character of the original building. The facades are oiled in various shades always changing per facade pattern. This gives the renovated Rietvinck the same size and verticality that characterizes nearby buildings.

新增高的楼层顶端有许多顶板,不仅使公寓的环境非常舒适,还减轻了原有房屋的厚重感。建筑被涂以不同的色调,使得外观模式总是富有变化感。此举使得整建后的Rietvinck在面积与垂直形态上与周边的建筑物和而不同。

Eir Mosfellsbæ, Eirhamrar

Mosfellsbær老年公寓

Care homes for elderly at Hlaðhamrar, in the city of Mosfellsbær with 39 apartments. The building is placed in a natural context and form, colors and cladding create a natural play and camouflage appearance in the landscape. The building is 3-4 floors with grand balconies for each apartment. All balconies are different emphasising the organic and natural structure. The Building is dressed in ceramic tiles with aluminium cladding on balconies.

老年公寓位于Mosfellsbær市的Hlaðhamrar地区,公寓内设有39套房间。建筑地处自然环境中,外观的颜色与装饰都营造出一种自然的格调,与自然环境协调一致。建筑内有34个楼层,每个房间内都有宽敞的阳台。所有的阳台都不尽相同,风格自然并与环境和谐统一。建筑外体由瓷砖包裹,而阳台则采用铝合金板。

EIR Nursing home Fróðengi

Fróðengi EIR疗养院

A housing complex set in suburban setting in Reykjavik, Iceland. Series of connective buildings, creating a housing complex of 111 apartments. The building planning scheme is a series of connected buildings with interior pathway shaping a “snake” which bends back and forth to create sheltered inner gardens and easy access from parking lots. The building complex connects indoor to a service centre for the elderly. The range of apartments are from 1 to 3 bedroom apartments stepping up and down amplifying natural light into the inner courtyards and creating roof top gardens.

该综合建筑位于冰岛雷克雅维克郊区,由众多相连的建筑构成,共有111间房间。建筑设计规划包括一系列建筑,之间由s型曲曲折折的室内通道相连,并有避风雨室内花园,从这里可以直通停车场。综合建筑的室内是面向老年人的服务。公寓房间有13个卧室不等的格局,呈现高低不等之势,加大了庭院内自然阳光的普照,且有屋顶花园。

Campus Palmas Altas

帕尔马斯阿特拉斯校园

Palmas Altas Technology Centre is designed to transform the typical image of a business park and become a new reference in sustainable architecture. This project aims to create a real community, compact and grouped around a courtyard. This consistent and logical space distribution that increases interaction and collaboration between employees is based on a system of exterior spaces, gardens and leisure areas, reflecting the vernacular Andalusian architecture.

帕尔马斯阿特拉斯技术中心颠覆了商业园区的典型形象,成为了一个可持续发展新建筑风格的参考风向标。此项目旨在建立一个真正的社区,紧凑与集群式地围绕于庭院四周。花园与休闲区和户外空间系统的一致性和条理分明的空间分布,加强了员工之间的互动与协作,同时体现出当地安达卢西亚的建筑风格。

This design presents high-tech environmental technologies such as photovoltaic panels, a trigeneration plant, methanol fuel cells, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems and lighting, both efficient and sustainable. Energy saving criteria has been applied to all design aspects: from the buildings’ geometry based on compact forms to the enveloping building’s composition, the distribution and design of the solar control devices or the choice of the materials. The result is a green campus providing quality of life and displaying a whole new concept for the future office complexes, pre-certified Leed Platinum and recognized with significant awards.

该设计呈现出诸如光伏板、一个热电冷三联产工厂、甲醇燃料电池、暖通空调系统与照明设备等即具有效性又具持续性与节能的高科技的环境技术。节能标准已应用于设计的各个方面:从建筑群紧凑的几何结构到建筑群外包构造,从建筑的分布到太阳能控制设备和建筑材料的精选,无一不体现出节能环保的标准。一个提供了高品质生活的绿色校园呈现在面前,它展示出一个全新的未来办公复合式建筑群的理念,并获得了被公认的重要的奖项-民间绿色建筑认证奖项白金奖。

The National Creative Cluster

国家创意集团

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Beijing has made huge strides to solidify its position as one of the world's great cities. It is a city that is modernizing rapidly—skyscrapers are rising out of fallow fields, a new transportation system is extending the reach of the city, and environmental initiatives are improving air and water quality. Fresh ideas are also emerging, while still embracing the rich traditions of the past. Near Songzhuang, a quiet village on the outskirts of Beijing, a unique opportunity exists to create a new urban district dedicated entirely to the cultivation of new ideas.The National Creative Cluster (NCC) is envisioned as the country's preeminent knowledge hub, making the district a center for China's innovative home-grown talent, and a destination for the world's most creative thinkers. Sasaki's master plan for NCC—selected in May 2012 for implementation—focuses on five structuring principles that underscore and support the overarching philosophy of the district: to bring industries with shared values and complementary skills and technologies together to help spark new ideas. Acting as an incubator, the success of the district is tied to its openness, where people can interact in both structured and spontaneous ways to exchange ideas and have constructive dialogue.To attract a talented workforce, NCC will also provide institutes for continuing education, museums and galleries for inspiration, entertainment venues to encourage social interaction, and bold landscapes to help recharge the mind, body, and spirit.

The district's diversity of industry, people, and spatial relationships are aimed to foster creativity and encourage an endless stream of new ideas.

21世纪初起,北京在巩固世界一流城市地位的道路上已经取得了巨大的成就。这座城市的现代化速度极快——摩天大楼从闲置的田亩上拔地而起,新的交通系统不断将城市向外扩展,环境措施提高着空气与水体品质,新鲜的想法在传统的积淀上随处生发。北京城郊宋庄附近的一座安静村庄即将迎来前所未有的机遇——创建一个完全致力于培育创新想法的新城市社区。国家时尚创意中心(NCC)预期成为中国出类拔萃的知识中心、中国本土创意人才的中心,并成为世界上最具创造力思想家的目的地。Sasaki为国家时尚创意中心制定的总体规划——20125月被采纳并进行实施——重点聚焦五大结构原则,突出并支持该地区的整体理念:将产业与共享的价值观以及互补的技能和技术结合在一起,激发新思维的火花。作为产业孵化器,该地区的成功与它的开放性紧密联系,这里的人们可以通过有组织或自发形式进行互动、交流、进行建设性的对话。为了吸引人才,国家创意中心还将提供继续教育的学院机构,启发灵感的博物馆和美术馆,鼓励社交互动的娱乐场所,以及有助于放松充实身心和精神的大胆景观。该地区多样化的产业、人群和空间关系旨在促进创造力并激励无限的新思潮。

The first principle of Sasaki's master plan is to integrate the urban form with the surrounding landscape. This is accomplished by creating a series of green wedges, interspersed within the urban clusters and forming a series of community parks. Second, a new transit loop creates a connection to the existing core of the Songzhuang Artists Village. Recalling the vital connections between trade and ideas, the loop encourages the movement of both people and ideas between the creative hubs at NCC and Songzhuang. Third, the plan creates a series of concentrated hubs organized along the loop, forming clusters of activity.

Each hub is designed to have a unique identity, forged by a careful mix of programmatic and landscape elements. The landscape is the focus of the fourth principle of designing a landscape that is both beautiful and functional. These landscapes encourage biodiversity, filter stormwater, and provide seasonal interest and color. Finally, the fifth principle ensures that the landscape forms a strong connection between humans and nature. Innovation and creativity at NCC is fueled by the ability to walk on the generous trail system, grow vegetables on a rooftop terrace, or socialize with others in neighborhood parks. 

Sasaki总体规划的第一原则是将城市形态与周围的景观相整合。这将通过创造散布在城市集聚区中的一系列楔形绿化带和社区公园而实现。第二,新的捷运环路建立了与现有宋庄艺术家村核心区的连接。该环路呼应了贸易和理念之间的重要连接,也促进了国家时尚创意中心(NCC)和宋庄各个创意核心区之间人与思想的流动。 第三,规划创建了一系列围绕着环路的集中枢纽,形成活动集聚区。每个枢纽通过指标内容和景观元素的谨慎混合而形成,都拥有独特的个性。第四个原则的核心是设计既美观又实用的景观。这些景观促进生物多样性,过滤雨洪,并提供季节性的趣味和色彩。最后,第五个原则为确保景观能建立起人类与自然之间的紧密连接。通过在丰富的步道系统中散步,在屋顶平台上种植蔬菜,或是在社区公园中与其他人社交,国家时尚创意中心的创新性和创造力得到了充实。

Atatürk Culture Center and Merinos Park

阿塔图尔克文化中心和美利奴公园

The site of this project is the old Merinos textile factory grounds, one of the landmarks of Turkey’s industrialization process during the 20th century.  Originally built during Turkey’s Early Republican period and opened by M.K. Atatürk on 2 February 1938, the Merinos factory was abandoned after the year 2000 and given to the Bursa Metropolitan Municipality in 2005, to be developed for cultural and creative activities.  The Merinos Park, Merinos Culture Center and the new Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall have been completed in April 2011.

此项目位于原美利奴羊毛厂厂址地,这里曾是20世纪土耳其工业化进程中的地标之一,最初兴建于土耳其早期共和党期间,由阿塔图尔克在193822创办。之后美利奴羊毛厂在2000年之后停业,并于2005年移交给布尔萨市政当局,用来发展文化与创意活动。美利奴公园﹑美利奴文化中心﹑新阿塔图尔克歌剧院和音乐厅都完工于20114月。

This urban renewal project consists of three main parts, the Merinos Park, the Merinos

Culture Center, and the Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall:The Merinos Park serves the needs of the surrounding area as well as the larger urban area. With its thousands of new and old trees, artificial lake, jogging and cycling paths, seating areas, children’s play areas, cafe, snack bars and other facilities, the Merinos Park is an important, centrally located recreational complex for the city of Bursa.

这项都市美化项目主要由三部分组成:美利奴公园﹑美利奴文化中心和新阿塔图尔克歌剧院和音乐厅。美利奴公园能够满足周边和市区居民的需要。在公园内有许多新栽种和原有的树木﹑人工湖﹑跑道和自行车道﹑可供休息的座椅﹑儿童游乐区﹑咖啡厅﹑快餐厅和其他的一些设施。对于布尔萨城而言,美利奴公园是一个重要的,集中用于娱乐休闲的综合场所。

The former Merinos Factory building, that had lost its practical and technical functionality, constitutes the main site of this re-use project. The newly transformed Merinos Culture Center houses the following cultural facilities: A music conservatory, art galleries, art studios, library, textile and silk museums. The Atatürk Opera and Concert Hall has been designed to integrate both formally and functionally with the Merinos Culture Center and Park. It includes a 1650-seat concert hall designed for opera, ballet and symphony orchestra performances, an 850-seat auditorium for conferences and concerts, a smaller 400-seat concert hall, a ballroom with a capacity for 1000 people, galleries, a cafeteria and other facilities. This complex fulfills an important socio-cultural need of the city of Bursa.

原美利奴羊毛厂厂房已经失去了它的实用与技术功能,成为了如今再利用项目的所在地。新改造后的美利奴文化中心具有以下的文化设施:音乐学校﹑美术馆﹑艺术工作室﹑图书馆﹑纺织与丝绸博物馆。阿塔图尔克歌剧院和音乐厅的设计,无论是在形式上还是功能上都能与美利奴文化中心和公园和谐统一。这里有专供歌剧﹑芭蕾和交响乐团演出的音乐厅,可以同时容纳1650名观众欣赏演出。用来召开会议和举办音乐会的礼堂可以容纳850人。小型音乐厅可以容纳400人,宴会厅可以容纳1000人,此外还有美术馆﹑自助餐厅与其他设施。这些综合设施满足了布尔萨城对于社交文化的迫切需求。

Aviation Science & Technology Park

中国航空科技园

The project is located northwest of the 3rd ring road within Beijing’s Zhongguancun High-Tech Zone. Plot owner is the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). The land is aimed to be transformed into a modern research and innovation center for the booming aviation industry.Seen from outside, the identity of the building cluster is created by focusing architecture, landscape and traffic upon the main and tallest – 100 meters high - office tower housing AVIC's headquarters.A mix of human scale and green technology forms the corporate image and prospective business strength, and by that the chance to give the company a thriving, prosperous impetus. Location, project requirements and character of the enterprise are generating a pioneer function for the whole area, in which the center is the protagonist regarding function and public space.

本项目坐落在北京西北三环,位于中关村高科技园区内。该地块属于中国航空工业集团,为了航空业的高速发展与繁荣,业主公司旨在将该地块打造成一个现代化的航空研究及创新中心。从外部看,整个建筑群集建筑,景观和交通为一体, 围绕总部建筑塔楼依次展开,总部办公塔楼高100,是该地区最高的建筑。人性化尺度空间与环保技术的有效融合不仅塑造了该公司的企业形象,体现了未来该公司的业务发展优势,并有力的推动了公司未来的发展与繁荣。区位优势、项目功能需求及企业形象等决定了本项目在整个区域内功能上的领先地位,就其地块功能与公共空间而言,中心区无疑都是地块的主角。

The entire ensemble will be experienced as a sequence of interconnected yet distinct volumes of towers. The very group of buildings encircling the main tower conveys the park its characteristic profile when seen from different directions.The integrated spatial framework of the development unfolds in line with its two perpendicular main axes, spanning the park horizontally like two gigantic dragons, from which the headquarter tower is emerging vertically as image and landmark of the whole plot.The core area comprises research and laboratory centres, public services like hotel as well as supporting business and office buildings. A communication and training center is located right at the starting point of the North-South axis. In the sequence, major office buildings, small-sized innovative businesses as well as an exhibition center are lined up.

地块的总体效果呈现出一系列互相连接又体积独特的塔楼建筑群。各建筑群围合地块的标志性建筑,从各个角度突显出园区的独特造型。建筑群环绕着中心塔楼,从不同的方向展示出它公园式的特征轮廓。整个发展园区内空间组织围绕两条相互垂直的主轴线展开,犹如两条巨龙串起整个地块,在交点处犹如双龙戏珠般循环上升的集团总部塔

楼,成为了中国航空工业集团,乃至整个地块的形象和地标性建筑。核心区域分别有中国航空工业集团的项目研发、实验中心;酒店、配套商业的公共服务区以及配套写字楼。 在南北轴线的起点处有交流区域和培训区域;而主要办公区,小型创新型企业和一个展览中心沿顺序依次展开。

The architectural language follows the uses, with abstract and rhythmic facades combining 3 different materials: Dark metal panels are conveying elegance, solidity and presence to the AVIC buildings. Light grey is used for the small offices, reflecting a more dynamic, juvenile character; finally glass for the public conference building and the main towers, generating at the same time a strong night-time image. The combination of open courtyards inside the buildings and a unique landscape concept integrating large green roofs as fifth façade does not only meet the requirements of advanced office concepts. The open space concept also shapes an unmistakable atmosphere for corporate culture, for a rather casual working style and a climate of interaction and communication, all of which are necessary for fostering innovation and progress.

建筑风格遵循建筑本身的用途,抽象而有节奏的外观将三种不同的材料有机地结合起来。黑色金属板展现出中国航空工业集团总部塔楼的高雅、坚固和独特的风格。

小型办公建筑采用浅灰色外立面,呈现出一个富有活力的建筑特点;公共会议大厦和总部塔楼采用玻璃外立面,同时构建出一副强烈的夜景意象图。建筑群内的众多开放式庭院和一个独特的景观设计概念的结合,不仅整合了大片的占据了五分之一建筑外观的绿化屋顶,而且满足了先进办公概念的需求。开放式空间理念也为企业文化塑造了良好的气氛,迎合了一种较为休闲的工作方式和互动与沟通相结合的风气,所有这些对于创新与发展都是十分必要的。

Culture Parks and the Contemporary City

文化公园与当代都市

For a fast developing society such as China, the economic imperative to develop new urban work space and it’s associated housing is very strong. The construction of cultural space can easily lag behind as the immediate need isn't always superficially obvious. However, in recent years the strong desire to create Culture Parks is a measure of China’s intention to ensure that urban development is matched with more a sophisticated urban network that can provide places for work, living and leisure.

中国作为一个快速发展的国家,开发新型城市工作空间成为了经济领域势在必行的举措,同时构建与其相关的附属建筑也呼声强烈。当文化空间的建筑物作为即时需要而不那么显而易见时,它们往往很容易过时而落后。然而,在最近几年中,建造文化公园的强烈愿望成为了中国确保城市开发与复杂的城市网络相匹配的一个举措,这些城市网络可以为工作、生活与休闲提供场所。

After surfing the internet and walking, visiting parks are the next most popular leisure activity in China. Culture Parks are an important urban response to this desire to visit outdoor space. Critically they combine part of the experience of traditional ‘green’ parks with public amenities such as libraries, museums and galleries. This cultural mix offers a more sophisticated contemporary experience that has an educational function at it’s core.
  
 网上冲浪 、散步与逛公园是中国人喜欢的休闲活动。文化公园满足了人们需要户外场所的愿望。文化公园使得传统的绿色公园与图书馆、博物馆和美术馆等公共设施很好结合起来。这种文化的融合提供了一种体验,它以教育功能为核心,并更加地精致性与现代化。

The predominance of digital space, cyber culture and the information age is clearly not just the preserve of China, it is a global phenomena. At its most basic level this is defined by access to the internet, mobile communications and social media but big data and information technology permeates our lives at all levels and, often this is imperceptible and we simply take it for granted. In the face of such ubiquity the obvious questions are two-fold. What is the status (or even necessity) of physical urban cultural space and, how will such technology influence or impact the design of the contemporary city?

显而易见的是数字空间、网络文化与信息时代的卓越不仅仅在中国存在,同时也是全球现象。它在基础层面被定义为接近因特网、移动通讯和社会传媒的途径,但是海量的数据和信息技术贯穿于我们生活的方方面面,却常常不被察觉,也被我们视为理所当然。这些普遍存在而又显而易见的问题都具有双重性。城市文化空间的状态与必要性如何?以及这些技术又将如何影响与冲击现代城市设计?

The presence of Cultural Parks in the urban landscape satisfy a number of needs. In the fast moving economy of modern China, the need for leisure time can easily be undermined by the demands of the working environment. Culture parks are a strong public statement of the need for a combination of education and leisure as well as an encouragement to take exercise during time away from the workplace. At a political level is demonstrates a serious interest in promoting the value free time and well being.

处于城市景观中的文化公园满足了人们的许多需求。在经济快速发展的现代中国,对休闲时间的需求往往被工作环境的需求所轻易剥夺。文化公园响应了公众需求,使得教育与休闲相结合,同时鼓励了人们在工作之余进行体育锻炼。从政治层面也论证了增加空闲时间与提高福利的价值所在。

The challenge for the design of new urban space is to develop a contemporary city that properly reflects the new information age and one that results in a sophisticated, richly layered urban culture. It is easy to take a reactionary view and to either treat such technology as an opposition to physical urban space or as mutually exclusive worlds. If we embrace and hybridize these digital cultures we can construct new types of urban space. Datasets and information clouds can be a new raw material for our cities, they can both inform and reform. GPS and communication technology, sensing systems and interactive space could enhance and enrich our experience to create new ecologies of cybernetic cities. Indeed, it could easily be argued that, as the rapidly urbanizing regions of the world invent new cities, and in many cases from a blank canvas, these interventions are a necessity. Culture Parks should be at the forefront of, and essential projects for, such ideas.

设计新型都市空间的挑战之处在于发展一个可以恰当地彰显新信息时代特征的当代城市,同时形成一个精致而丰富的城市多元文化。我们很容易持反对意见,或是将这些技术视为对城市空间的破坏,抑或是相互排斥而无法融合。可是如果我们乐于接受并融合这些数字文化,我们将构建新型的城市空间。数据集和信息云是我们城市中的新型原料,它们即是可以被认知也可以被改造。全球定位系统、通信技术、感测系统和交互式空间能够提高和丰富我们构建人工智能城市中新型社会生态学的经验。当世界的城市化区域快速发展,创建了许多新型城市时,这的确容易引起争论。而在许多情况下,一些干预措施是必要的。文化公园应处于最前沿,同时也是迎合这些理念所必不可少的工程。

Hakka Museum and Culture Park

客家博物馆及文化园

It is an invited competition by Metamode, which was awarded First Prize. It is a proposal for a 6000 sq m Museum of Hakka Culture, a 20,000 sq m City Library, a 3,200 sq m Planning Exhibition Hall as well as a 1.3 km strip of landscaped park in Heyuan City. Heyuan is the fastest growing municipality in Guangdong Province and is well known as a centre for ancient Hakka culture.

Metamode事务所在竞标中获得了一等奖,中标获得了在河源市一座6000平方米的客家文化博物馆、一座2万平方米的市图书馆、一座3200平方米的规划展厅以及1.3公里的景观公园带的设计项目。河源市是广东省发展最快的自治市,也是众所周知的古客家文化中心。

The Hakka are Han Chinese people whose ancestors are said to have originated in the Henan and Shanxi provinces of northern China over 1,700 years ago. In a series of migrations, the Hakka settled in Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces in southern China. Subsequently they were central to Chinese migration globally in the last century. The proposal takes reference from the forms of the celebrated Hakka rammed earth wall architecture, and is geometrically defined by the location of major centres of Hakka population throughout the world.

据说客家人起源于1700年前的中华汉族祖先,他们最初生活在中国北方的河南省和山西省。随着之后的数次迁移,最终客家人在中国南方的广东省、山西省和福建省安顿了下来。随后,客家人成为了上个世纪向海外移民的主力军。此项设计提案受著名的客家夯土墙结构建筑形式的启发,并借鉴了全世界客家人聚居地建筑之特点。

Science Parks

科技园

Science Parks are organizations managed by specialized professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions. Science Parks are a sort of specialised Industrial Parks, which allow under the best possible conditions, the interaction between education, research and technology development. In these establishments, services and products are of a high tech nature and usually focused in the fields of IT, electronics and telecommunications, public health, energy and environment. A Science Park stimulates and manages the flow of knowledge and technology amongst universities, companies and markets.The facilitation for communication between the different professionals is one of the important features and the spirit of the Science Park has to be readable at the design of the whole institution.

科技园区是由一些行内人士管理的组织,他们的主要目标旨在通过促进文化创新和提高关联产业与知识型体系的核心竞争力来增加社区的财富。科技园区都是专业化的工业园区,使得教育、科研与技术开发达到最佳的融合。这些机构提供的产品和服务都具有高科技含量,通常集中在信息技术、电子工业、电信、公共卫生、能源和环境领域中。科技园区促进与控制着诸多大学、公司与市场之间的知识与科技的走向。不同领域专业人员之间通讯的简易化是它的重要特征之一,同时科技园区的核心精神在整个机构的设计上也是显而易见的。

Leüthens Kulturhage

特隆赫姆市Leüthenhaven项目

 

‘Leüthens Kulturhage’ will be a new gathering point in the city, providing the setting for community and informal meetings. The design of the new office facilities for Trondheim City in Leüthenhaven beautifully connects the building to the new cinema, front square and existing theatre as well as the many other educational and cultural institutions in the area.With its open design, the new municipal building invites people inside, and the building thus gives something back to the city. Clad in natural materials, the facade stands out in a welcoming and embracing expression. The design is inspired by Johan Caspar De Cicignon’s masterplan for Trondheim. The concept of the masterplan is reflected in the design of the new municipal building and cinema to provide the buildings with a historical reference.The down-sized scale of the office building – as regards height, materials and geometry – relates to the surrounding city. With its human scale, the building meets the city at eye level, and the displaced floors and projections contribute to opening up the building to its context.

Leüthens Kulturhage项目将成为城市中一个新聚焦点,它为举行社区活动和召开非正式会议提供了场所。项目地处特隆赫姆市的Leüthenhaven,新的办公设施设计将办公大厦与新电影院,前方广场﹑现有的电影院以及该地区其他许多的教育文化机构完美地结合在一起。新市政大厦开放式的设计,即欢迎市民们的参观,同时也赋予了城市更多的意义。采用天然材质的外观,以它热情好客的姿态显得格外地引人注目。该设计受Johan Caspar De Cicignon特隆赫姆总体规划的启发。总体规划的理念体现在新市政大厦与电影院的设计上,使得这些建筑物具有了历史参考价值。缩减规模的办公大厦它的高度﹑所采用的材质和几何形状,都与城市的整体环境和谐,大厦的规模与城市整体规模统一,撤销了建高楼层和诸多规划,有助于提高大厦对周边的环境的开放度。

Lilanz Creative Centre

晋江利郎创意中心

The Lilanz Creative Centre is a mixed-use project with fashion studios, offices, retail facilities, a training centre, showrooms, an auditorium and art galleries, as well as staff residences and serviced apartments, with associated amenities, such as a swimming pool. It is to be a hub of creativity and innovation in Jinjiang, China, allowing art, fashion and design to seamlessly fuse, resulting in an inspirational and dynamic environment for work and living. A place, where visions for sustainable living and successful business, in China, coalesce into one, is destined to be an iconic axis of creativity.The various complexes within the Lianz Creative Centre fuse European and Asian design concepts. Soaring diamond shaped glass curtain walls and steel canopies reach for the sky, while enveloping the entire complex in a ‘Las Rambles’ style boulevard, embracing those below and instilling a sense of calmness to this microcosm of energy. This elegant balance captures the spirit and heart of this ambitious 60,000sqm development, reflecting dwp’s own design philosophy – simple, elegant design solutions, generating environments that respond to both material and spiritual needs.

晋江利郎创意中心是一个集多功能于一身的设计项目,包括时尚工作室﹑办公室﹑商务设施﹑一个培训中心﹑展示厅﹑礼堂和艺术馆﹑员工住宅﹑酒店式公寓以及诸如游泳池之类的相关康乐设施。它是中国晋江创造与革新的中心,艺术﹑时尚与设计完美地融合,形成了一个鼓舞人心又充满活力的工作与生活环境。这里将可持续发展的生活理念与成功的商业两者结合,注定会成为创造力的风向标。晋江利郎创意中心内各式各样的复合式建筑融合了欧洲与亚洲的设计理念。高耸菱形的玻璃幕墙与钢雨棚直达顶棚,整个复合式建筑呈现出朗布拉大街林荫大道的风格,与其下的建筑统一协调,并给人们带来一种宁静感。这种优雅的平衡,凸显出60000平方米建筑发展远景的精神与精髓所在,体现了自身的设计理念简洁﹑高雅的设计方案,创造出能满足物质与精神两者需求的环境。

National Advertising and Crea, tive Industry Park

国家广告和创意园区

The new advertising and creative arts zone in Beijing, aimed at rivalling the success of areas such as Soho in London and Madison Avenue in New York. The National Advertising Industry Park is located to the south of the Central Business District of Beijing. It will house both Chinese and international advertising and creative industry companies, and is intended to be a national hub for these sectors. The new neighbourhood is defined by a parallel main avenue and riverside park. The avenue is lined with a series of three to five storey buildings, all of which include ground level display and retail spaces, intended to bring a genuine “street life” to the district. At the centre of the masterplan is a public square and pedestrian zone, which connects north across a new bridge to the CBD and south to the new museum and conference centre.

这个新兴广告与创意园区旨在与伦敦SOHO街和纽约麦迪逊大街等代表性广告区相媲美。国家广告产业园位于北京CBD南部,建成后将容纳众多国内外广告与创意产业公司,成为此类产业的国家级中心区。项目范围通过一条平行的主要街道与滨河公园加以限定。该街道两旁坐落着各种三至五层的低层建筑,这些建筑的一层是展示区与零售店,旨在为这里带来一种真实的“街道生活”。总体规划的中心是一个公共广场和步行区,通过一座新建的步行桥与北侧的CBD,南侧连接新的博物馆和会议中心。

The scale of these blocks are manipulated to create an intimate feel around the public square whilst presenting the museum and conference building as a major civic amenity.     
Tall buildings act as bookends to the scheme, in response the wider urban context. The easterly tower provides a strong image to the Fourth Ring Road that passes close by. This tower also includes a large roof top display screen in order to showcase advertising The westerly end of the masterplan includes a pair of towers which sit either side of a major route connecting south Beijing with the CBD, and these towers form a gateway arrangement. 
All of the buildings within the masterplan have been designed to be highly sustainable, with shallow floor plates intended to allow maximum natural light and ventilation. The district is also intended to be pedestrian friendly, a rare commodity in Beijing.     

通过控制这些建筑物的规模,在公共广场周围建立一种亲切感,而博物馆和会议中心也成为重要的公众设施。对于更为广泛的城市文脉来说,基地端头的超高层建筑物在该方案中起到了地标的作用。东侧的塔楼为临近的四环路创造了具有冲击力的视觉效果。塔楼顶部有巨大的LED屏,用于媒体宣传。总体规划的西端是一对塔楼,分别坐落于连接北京南部和CBD的主干道两侧,这两座塔楼形成了门户的设计。总体规划内的所有建筑物都具有很好的可持续性,并都配备了浅楼面板,以获得最大程度的自然光和通风。这一项目也将被打造成北京少有的步行区。

Super Agora

广州国际单位创意园

The project is located to the southeast of the established international unit in Baiyun District of Guangzhou. The new construction site covers a total area of 55,000 square meters, and is connected to the airport highway in the west and Lianhe Road in the north. With a total construction area of 110,000 square meters, it is a comprehensive office art district with office buildings, commercial areas and apartments. The biggest difficulty of the project is the complex terrain and how to guide people into the district. The entrance of the new project is at the back of the established unit among scattered residential area. We borrowed the concept Agora, ancient Greek public square, and divided the area into nine parts. Each part is given a different character, and is connected all together, and each part has its own square which creates different expressions of space. All the parts together form a “continuous square” concept, inviting people to visit and revisit. The new international unit is a factory renovation project, offering a sense of nobility and cleanness, and has become a very popular and vibrant office hub. Proprietors hope to transform the whole project into an enormous creative industrial park featuring office, entertainment and residence areas.

本项目位于广州白云区,在已建成的国际单位一期东南侧。二期总用地5.5万㎡左右,西邻机场高速,北接联合路。总建筑面积11万㎡,是集写字楼、商业以及公寓等业态为一体的综合型办公创意区。本项目最大的难点是复杂的地形和如何引导人群进入。二期入口在一期背面,夹杂了一些现有住宅,还有部分用地互相分离。我们使用古希腊时代市民广场的手法(agora),把地区分成九个区域,并且给每一个区域都设置了不同的性格,用连续广场这个概念,把每个区域连接在一起。并在每个区域设立广场,打造出富有不同表情的空间,提高人流动性及整体回游性。国际单位二期是工厂改建项目,给人清洁高尚的感觉,现已成为非常有人气和活力的办公聚集地。业主希望能够把整个项目打造成适合“办公”、“娱乐”、“居住”、的巨大创意产业园。

附录2 术语表

英语

汉语

英语

汉语

Aragon

亚拉贡

Atatürk Culture Center

阿塔图尔克文化中心

AVIC

中国航空工业集团

Bursa

布尔萨

Barcelona

巴塞罗那

Culture Parks

文化公园

Caballero

卡瓦列罗

Childcare Center

儿童保育中心

communication technology

通信技术

Chinese Special Economic Zone

中国经济特区

Des Anglais

盎格魯

Doetinchem

杜廷赫姆

Geneva

日内瓦

GPS

全球定位系统

HVAC

暖通空调系统

Iceland

冰岛

Irwell River Park

艾尔韦尔河公园

Imperial War Museum

曼彻斯特帝国战争博物馆

Jordaan

约旦

Krems

克雷姆斯

Lantern

兰特

Lowry Arts Centre

洛利艺术中心

Lilanz Creative Centre 

晋江利郎创意中心

Merinos Park

美利奴公园

M.K. Atatürk

阿塔图尔克

Media City UK

英国媒体城

Merinos Culture Center

美利奴文化中心

Museum of Hakka Culture

客家文化博物馆

Madison Avenue

纽约麦迪逊大街

National Creative Cluster (NCC)

国家时尚创意中心

Paredes

帕雷德斯

Riverfront Park

河滨公园

Reykjavik

雷克雅维克

Riviera

里维埃拉

St. Louis.

圣路易斯

Stirling

斯特灵市

Salford

索尔福德

Scarborough

斯卡伯勒

sensing systems

感测系统

Science Parks

科技园区

Schinkel

辛克尔

The Ebro river 

埃布罗河 

Trafford

特拉福德

Tibidabo

提比达波山

Tel Aviv Port

特拉维夫港口

Trondheim City

特隆赫姆城市

The Pearl River Delta

中国珠江三角洲

Vondelpark 

冯德尔

Vivocity

怡丰城

Wilkinson Eyre

威尔金森·艾尔

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